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Losing chess [a] is one of the most popular chess variants. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The objective of each player is to lose all of their pieces or be stalemated , that is, a misère version. In some variations, a player may also win by checkmating or by being checkmated.
Board representation in computer chess is a data structure in a chess program representing the position on the chessboard and associated game state. [1] Board representation is fundamental to all aspects of a chess program including move generation, the evaluation function, and making and unmaking moves (i.e. search) as well as maintaining the state of the game during play.
Kotok-McCarthy, also known as A Chess Playing Program for the IBM 7090 Computer was the first computer program to play chess convincingly. It is also remembered because it played in and lost the first chess match between two computer programs. A pseudocode of the program is in Figure 11.15 of. [1]
Turochamp simulates a game of chess against the player by accepting the player's moves as input and outputting its move in response. The program's algorithm uses a heuristic to determine the best move to make, calculating all potential moves that it can make, then all of the potential player responses that could be made in turn, as well as further "considerable" moves, such as captures of ...
A solved game is a game whose outcome (win, lose or draw) can be correctly predicted from any position, assuming that both players play perfectly.This concept is usually applied to abstract strategy games, and especially to games with full information and no element of chance; solving such a game may use combinatorial game theory or computer assistance.
The computer may make a poor move because it is unable to see the consequences even one ply beyond its maximum search depth. The horizon effect was a major problem in the early years of computer chess, but it is less of an issue today as modern chess engines can search many moves deep even in complex positions. See horizon effect. iterative ...
Bitboards allow the computer to answer some questions about game state with one bitwise operation. For example, if a chess program wants to know if the white player has any pawns in the center of the board (center four squares) it can just compare a bitboard for the player's pawns with one for the center of the board using a bitwise AND operation.
Opening book is often used to describe the database of chess openings given to computer chess programs (and related games, such as computer shogi). Such programs are quite significantly enhanced through the provision of an electronic version of an opening book. This eliminates the need for the program to calculate the best lines during ...