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The cockpit of a Slingsby T-67 Firefly two-seat light airplane.The flight instruments are visible on the left of the instrument panel. Flight instruments are the instruments in the cockpit of an aircraft that provide the pilot with data about the flight situation of that aircraft, such as altitude, airspeed, vertical speed, heading and much more other crucial information in flight.
Altimeter reading when subscale set 1013.25 hPa (atmospheric pressure at sea level in the International Standard Atmosphere) [2] QNH The pressure set on the subscale of the altimeter so that the instrument indicates its height above sea level (the altimeter will read runway elevation when the aircraft is on the runway).
Electrical-mechanical air data computers were developed in the early 1950s to provide a central source of airspeed, altitude, and other signals to avionic systems that needed this data. A central air data computer avoided duplication of sensing equipment and could be more sophisticated and accurate. [8]
In ISA temperature conditions the altimeter will read the height above the airfield/runway in the vicinity of the airfield. SPS/STD - 'Standard Pressure Setting' or just 'Standard' refers to the altimeter being set to the standard pressure of 1013.25 hPa. It is the setting that causes an altimeter to read the aircraft's flight level (FL).
Aircraft above Flight Level 65 (6500ft) should set their altimeters to QNH 1013. When descending below, they should set their altimeter to the local QNH given later in the ATIS. Expect an ILS approach. Expect the approach procedure to be the one published for Runway 22 ILS. Surface wind 250, 14 knots.
If the weather is less than VMC, pilots are required to use instrument flight rules, and operation of the aircraft will be primarily through referencing the instruments rather than visual reference. In a control zone, a VFR flight may obtain a clearance from air traffic control to operate as Special VFR. [2]
The transponder gets its altitude information from an encoding altimeter mounted behind the instrument panel that communicates via the Gillham code. Gillham code is a zero-padded 12-bit binary code using a parallel nine- [ 1 ] to eleven-wire interface , [ 2 ] the Gillham interface , that is used to transmit uncorrected barometric altitude ...
It indicates altitude obtained when an altimeter is set to an agreed baseline pressure under certain circumstances in which the aircraft’s altimeter would be unable to give a useful altitude readout. Examples would be landing at a high altitude or near sea level under conditions of exceptionally high air pressure.