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RC4 + is a modified version of RC4 with a more complex three-phase key schedule (taking about three times as long as RC4, or the same as RC4-drop512), and a more complex output function which performs four additional lookups in the S array for each byte output, taking approximately 1.7 times as long as basic RC4.
The "RC" may stand for either Rivest's cipher or, more informally, Ron's code. [1] Despite the similarity in their names, the algorithms are for the most part unrelated. There have been six RC algorithms so far: RC1 was never published. RC2 was a 64-bit block cipher developed in 1987. RC3 was broken before ever being used. RC4 is a stream cipher.
The attack allows an attacker to recover the key in an RC4 encrypted stream from a large number of messages in that stream. The Fluhrer, Mantin and Shamir attack applies to specific key derivation methods, but does not apply in general to RC4-based SSL (TLS) , since SSL generates the encryption keys it uses for RC4 by hashing, meaning that ...
CipherSaber is a simple symmetric encryption protocol based on the RC4 stream cipher. Its goals are both technical and political: it gives reasonably strong protection of message confidentiality, yet it's designed to be simple enough that even novice programmers can memorize the algorithm and implement it from scratch.
[138] [139] RFC 7465 prohibits the use of RC4 cipher suites in all versions of TLS. On September 1, 2015, Microsoft, Google, and Mozilla announced that RC4 cipher suites would be disabled by default in their browsers (Microsoft Edge [Legacy], Internet Explorer 11 on Windows 7/8.1/10, Firefox, and Chrome) in early 2016. [140] [141] [142]
RC4 is a widely used stream cipher. [5] Block ciphers can be used as stream ciphers by generating blocks of a keystream (in place of a Pseudorandom number generator ) and applying an XOR operation to each bit of the plaintext with each bit of the keystream.
Table compares implementations of block ciphers. Block ciphers are defined as being deterministic and operating on a set number of bits (termed a block) using a symmetric key. Each block cipher can be broken up into the possible key sizes and block cipher modes it can be run with.
[5] The document later states that "there will be NO 'need to know.'" [5] Several experts, including Bruce Schneier and Christopher Soghoian, had speculated that a successful attack against RC4, an encryption algorithm used in at least 50 percent of all SSL/TLS traffic at the time, was a plausible avenue, given several publicly known weaknesses ...
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