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Cruciform is a term for physical manifestations resembling a common cross or Christian cross. The label can be extended to architectural shapes, biology, art, and design. The label can be extended to architectural shapes, biology, art, and design.
Adding transepts improved the stability of the log technique and is one reason why the cruciform floor plan was widely used during 1600 and 1700s. For instance the Old Olden Church (1759) replaced a building damaged by hurricane, the 1759 church was then constructed in cruciform shape to make it withstand the strongest winds. [10]
The two former layouts, the open square (or rarely, circular) and the cruciform have been found best suited to celebration of the Divine Liturgy. These two interior layouts tend to be square/circular in form rather than elongated. The cruciform is the oldest of the two interior layouts and seems to be of Byzantine origin.
Many cruciform churches in Norwegian have a central tower for example Kors Church and Øksnes Church, in some other cruciform churches the tower is asymmetrical placed on the narthex or vestibule for example Ulvik Church or Oslo Cathedral. Y-shape: The Y-shape or star-shape is a slight variation of the cruciform plan and is endemic to Norway. [53]
Cathedral floor plan (crossing is shaded) A crossing, in ecclesiastical architecture, is the junction of the four arms of a cruciform (cross-shaped) church. [1]In a typically oriented church (especially of Romanesque and Gothic styles), the crossing gives access to the nave on the west, the transept arms on the north and south, and the choir, as the first part of the chancel, on the east.
This type has several variants, including the cruciform halo and the Celtic cross. [5] A cruciform halo is used to represent the persons of the Holy Trinity, especially Jesus, and it was used especially in medieval art. Forked cross: A cross in the form of the letter Y that gained popularity in the late 13th or early 14th century in the German ...
A building that is designated as a basilica might be a cathedral, a collegiate or monastic church, a parish church, or a shrine. The four so-called "Major Basilicas" are four churches of Rome of 4th century foundation, St John Lateran, Santa Maria Maggiore, St Peter's Basilica, and the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls. [9]
However, there are no churches left that still have only the tower. The sequence of development into the usual stone cruciform church would have been: A small tower church built in timber, with a small eastern extension for the chancel and sometimes also a small "west-nave". Replacement of the chancel and west-nave, if present, using stone.