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In physics, mass–energy equivalence is the relationship between mass and energy in a system's rest frame, where the two quantities differ only by a multiplicative constant and the units of measurement. [1] [2] The principle is described by the physicist Albert Einstein's formula: =. [3] In a reference frame where the system is moving, its ...
We can convert a mass expressed in kilograms to the equivalent mass expressed in metres by multiplying by the conversion factor G/c 2. For example, the Sun's mass of 2.0 × 10 30 kg in SI units is equivalent to 1.5 km. This is half the Schwarzschild radius of a one solar mass black hole. All other conversion factors can be worked out by ...
In physics, natural unit systems are measurement systems for which selected physical constants have been set to 1 through nondimensionalization of physical units.For example, the speed of light c may be set to 1, and it may then be omitted, equating mass and energy directly E = m rather than using c as a conversion factor in the typical mass–energy equivalence equation E = mc 2.
In unit systems where force is a derived unit, like in SI units, g c is equal to 1. In unit systems where force is a primary unit, like in imperial and US customary measurement systems , g c may or may not equal 1 depending on the units used, and value other than 1 may be required to obtain correct results. [ 2 ]
Conversion of units is the conversion of the unit of measurement in which a quantity is expressed, typically through a multiplicative conversion factor that changes the unit without changing the quantity. This is also often loosely taken to include replacement of a quantity with a corresponding quantity that describes the same physical property.
The energy–momentum relation is consistent with the familiar mass–energy relation in both its interpretations: E = mc 2 relates total energy E to the (total) relativistic mass m (alternatively denoted m rel or m tot), while E 0 = m 0 c 2 relates rest energy E 0 to (invariant) rest mass m 0. Unlike either of those equations, the energy ...
A derived unit is used for expressing any other quantity, and is a product of powers of base units. For example, in the modern metric system, length has the unit metre and time has the unit second, and speed has the derived unit metre per second. [5]: 15 Density, or mass per unit volume, has the unit kilogram per cubic metre. [5]: 434
It is common in particle physics, where units of mass and energy are often interchanged, to express mass in units of eV/c 2, where c is the speed of light in vacuum (from E = mc 2). It is common to informally express mass in terms of eV as a unit of mass, effectively using a system of natural units with c set to 1. [3] The kilogram equivalent ...