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Victoria Spartz (née Kulheyko; [b] [2] born October 6, 1978) is a Ukrainian-born American [3] politician and businesswoman who is the U.S. representative for Indiana's 5th congressional district. Spartz is a member of the Republican Party , but not the House Republican Conference ; she does not receive Republican committee assignments.
The first woman to be elected to Congress was Montana's Jeannette Rankin, a Republican, in the 1916 House elections; [2] notably, this occurred before the ratification of the 19th Amendment in 1920, which prohibits the federal government or any state from denying citizens the right to vote on the basis of sex. [3]
Stefanik was born in Albany, New York, on July 2, 1984, [1] to Melanie and Kenneth Stefanik. [2] Stefanik states that her father is ethnically Czech and her mother is of Italian ancestry; [3] genealogical records show that her father's Polish [4] family came from western Galicia (at the time part of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria), [5] [6] [7] mainly from the then shtetl [8] of Frysztak ...
A 2017 study found that female Republican candidates fare worse in elections than Republican men and Democratic women. [62] A 2020 study found that being promoted to the position of mayor or parliamentarian doubles the probability of divorce for women, but not for men. [63] Women are shown to face more consequences when facing scandals.
The Wish List was established in 1992 following an organizing effort in December, 1991, led by Lynn Shapiro who became the Executive Director. [3] Glenda Greenwald, who was president of the PAC, was among the women activists predicting that 1992 would be the Year of the Woman, and she argued that the GOP was not sufficiently funding women candidates. [4]
The party apparatus also started to make female and minority recruitment a bigger priority, with the House GOP touting that all the Republican candidates who flipped seats in 2020 were women ...
The Republican Party advocated for equal rights for women, while Democrats tended to lean toward protective legislation that would shield women from social and economic competition. [9] During the 1960s, the parties began to converge on their views of women's issues, and there was a general consensus that women should have legal equality.
A member of the Republican Party, she served as a U.S. representative (1940–1949) and a U.S. senator (1949–1973) from Maine. [2] She was the first woman to serve in both houses of the United States Congress. [3] A Republican, she was among the first to criticize the tactics of Joseph McCarthy in her 1950 speech, "Declaration of Conscience". [4]