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Nether may refer to: The Nether, a hell-like dimension in the video game Minecraft; The Nether, a sci-fi play; Nether , a first ...
In situ gold-bearing vein (in brown) at the Toi gold mine, Japan. In many gold mines exploited during the gold rushes of the 19th century, vein material alone was typically sought as ore material. [8] In most of today's mines, ore material is primarily composed of the veins and some component of the wall rocks which surrounds the veins. [9]
The expansion of gold mining in the Rand of South Africa began to slow down in the 1880s, as the new deposits being found tended to be pyritic ore. The gold was difficult to extract from such ores. A process known as chlorination was once used to treat pyritic gold ore. Typically, the ore was roasted and then treated with chlorine gas. The ...
Gold mining produces more waste than mining of other minerals, because it can be mined at a lower grade. Tailings can contain lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic. These toxins can pose health risks for local communities. [86] Arsenic is typically found in gold-containing ores, and gold processing may contaminate groundwater or the
The most common refractory ores are pyrite and arsenopyrite, which are sulfide ores that trap the gold within them. Refractory ores require pre-treatment before the gold can be adequately extracted. [1] The pressure oxidation process is used to prepare such ores for conventional gold extraction processes such as cyanidation. It is performed in ...
Overall, it is likely that gold mobility, biomineralization, and ore forming processes are impacted by the reactive nitrogen-containing compounds. [2] Gold is commonly incorporated in iron-sulfides and adsorbed by Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide precipitates; oxidation of gold-bearing pyrite can lead to the mobilization of soluble gold complexes.
For sulfide ores, a different process is taken for beneficiation. The ore needs to have the sulfur removed before smelting can begin. Roasting is the primary method of separating, where wood was placed on heaps of ore and set on fire to help with oxidation. [6] [7] 2 Cu 2 S + 3 O 2 → 2 Cu 2 O + 2 SO 2
Gold cyanidation (also known as the cyanide process or the MacArthur–Forrest process) is a hydrometallurgical technique for extracting gold from low-grade ore through conversion to a water-soluble coordination complex. It is the most commonly used leaching process for gold extraction. [1]