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In 2012, a "Technical Update" was applied to the N63, resulting in the N63TU variants (also known as N63B44O1).The main upgrade was the addition of Valvetronic. [11] [12] Other changes include revised turbochargers, removal of the blowoff valve, lighter pistons, forged connecting rods and crankshaft, addition of a valve cover labyrinth oil catch/return system, new valve stem seals, revised ...
The first BMW M5, based on the E28 5 Series, was manufactured from October 1984 to June 1988. [8] It made its debut at the Amsterdam Motor Show in February 1985. [9] It was based on the 535i chassis with various mechanical changes, most notably the M88/3 engine (shared with the E24 M635CSi grand tourer coupé) which was an updated version of the engine used in the M1 sports car. [8]
Speed sensor failures are frequent, and are mainly due to the extremely harsh operating conditions encountered in rail vehicles. The relevant standards specify detailed test criteria, but in practical operation the conditions encountered are often even more extreme (such as shock/vibration and especially electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)).
The engine has three turbochargers and is rated at 285 kW (382 hp) and 800 N⋅m (590 lb⋅ft) of torque in left-hand drive markets, whereas it has two turbochargers and is rated at 240 kW (322 hp) and 700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft) of torque in right-hand drive markets. [50]
The 540i is standard with all-wheel drive as well as a 375-hp turbocharged inline-six engine. All variants—excluding the plug-in hybrid variants—feature a 48-volt mild hybrid system; this system consists of a 20 Ah lithium-ion and an electric motor/integrated starter-generator rated at 13 kW (17 hp) and 200 N⋅m (150 lbf⋅ft). The 5 ...
The BMW B58 is a turbocharged straight-six engine, which began production in 2015. [1] The B58 replaced the N55 and was launched in the F30 340i. [2]The B58 is part of BMW's modular engine family, each engine using a displacement of 500 cc (30.5 cu in) per cylinder, following the B38 and B48 engine.
The E60 M5 is powered by the BMW S85 V10 engine, which produces 373 kW (500 hp) at 7,750 rpm, 520 N⋅m (384 lb⋅ft) at 6,100 rpm and has a redline of 8,250 rpm. [ 26 ] [ 27 ] The 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) acceleration time is 4.7 seconds.
A yaw rate sensor that measures the rotation rate of the car. The data from the yaw sensor is compared with the data from the steering wheel angle sensor to determine regulating action. [47] A lateral acceleration sensor that measures the vehicle's lateral acceleration. This is often called an accelerometer. Wheel speed sensors that measure ...