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Tobin's q [a] (or the q ratio, and Kaldor's v), is the ratio between a physical asset's market value and its replacement value.It was first introduced by Nicholas Kaldor in 1966 in his paper: Marginal Productivity and the Macro-Economic Theories of Distribution: Comment on Samuelson and Modigliani.
Research and development (known also as R&D [2]) is considered to be an intangible asset (about 16 percent of all intangible assets in the US), [11] even though most countries treat R&D as current expenses for both legal and tax purposes. [2] Most countries report some intangibles in their National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA).
Intangible property is used in distinction to tangible property. It is useful to note that there are two forms of intangible property: legal intangible property (which is discussed here) and competitive intangible property (which is the source from which legal intangible property is created but cannot be owned, extinguished, or transferred).
Goodwill and intangible assets are usually listed as separate items on a company's balance sheet. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] In the b2b sense, goodwill may account for the criticality that exists between partners engaged in a supply chain relationship, or other forms of business relationships, where unpredictable events may cause volatilities across entire ...
The balance sheet of a firm records the monetary [2] value of the assets owned by that firm. It covers money and other valuables belonging to an individual or to a business. [1] Total assets can also be called the balance sheet total. Assets can be grouped into two major classes: tangible assets and intangible assets.
An asset's initial book value is its actual cash value or its acquisition cost. Cash assets are recorded or "booked" at actual cash value. Assets such as buildings, land and equipment are valued based on their acquisition cost, which includes the actual cash cost of the asset plus certain costs tied to the purchase of the asset, such as broker fees.
An asset depreciation at 15% per year over 20 years [1] In accountancy, depreciation refers to two aspects of the same concept: first, an actual reduction in the fair value of an asset, such as the decrease in value of factory equipment each year as it is used and wears, and second, the allocation in accounting statements of the original cost of the assets to periods in which the assets are ...
Industrial property is not rigidly defined; [13] it is a portion of the superordinate concept of intellectual property (intangible property) that excludes copyright. The purpose of industrial property law is to regulate the rights to certain inventions and industrial or commercial creations.