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The first GPT model was known as "GPT-1," and it was followed by "GPT-2" in February 2019. Created as a direct scale-up of its predecessor, GPT-2 had both its parameter count and dataset size increased by a factor of 10. It had 1.5 billion parameters, and was trained on a dataset of 8 million web pages. [9]
A fine-tuned variant of GPT-3, termed GPT-3.5, was made available to the public through a web interface called ChatGPT in 2022. [165] GPT-Neo: March 2021: EleutherAI: 2.7 [166] 825 GiB [167] MIT [168] The first of a series of free GPT-3 alternatives released by EleutherAI. GPT-Neo outperformed an equivalent-size GPT-3 model on some benchmarks ...
The most recent of these, GPT-4o, was released in May 2024. [11] Such models have been the basis for their more task-specific GPT systems, including models fine-tuned for instruction following—which in turn power the ChatGPT chatbot service. [1] The term "GPT" is also used in the names and descriptions of such models developed by others.
OpenAI's GPT-4 model is released in March 2023 and is regarded as an impressive improvement over GPT-3.5, with the caveat that GPT-4 retains many of the same problems of the earlier iteration. [145] Unlike previous iterations, GPT-4 is multimodal, allowing image input as well as text. GPT-4 is integrated into ChatGPT as a subscriber service.
On July 18, 2024, OpenAI released GPT-4o mini, a smaller version of GPT-4o replacing GPT-3.5 Turbo on the ChatGPT interface. Its API costs $0.15 per million input tokens and $0.60 per million output tokens, compared to $5 and $15 respectively for GPT-4o.
Generative AI systems trained on words or word tokens include GPT-3, GPT-4, GPT-4o, LaMDA, LLaMA, BLOOM, Gemini and others (see List of large language models). They are capable of natural language processing , machine translation , and natural language generation and can be used as foundation models for other tasks. [ 62 ]
The next year, they introduced GPT-2, a larger model that could generate coherent text. [10] In 2020, they introduced GPT-3, a model with over 100 times as many parameters as GPT-2, that could perform various tasks with few examples. [11] GPT-3 was further improved into GPT-3.5, which was used to create the chatbot product ChatGPT.
OpenAI's chatbot, ChatGPT, was released in November 2022, is based on GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 large language models. Celeste Biever wrote in a Nature article that "ChatGPT broke the Turing test". [ 24 ]