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He first introduced the idea of a prolonged drug release system as a means of constant rate delivery while experimenting with anesthetic gases and arterio-venous shunts on mice [4] This inspired the formation of a company called ALZA by a chemist named Alejandro Zaffaroni, whose primary focus was on the development of drug carrying systems that ...
A 2013 review found the cost of developing a delivery system was only 10% of the cost of developing a new pharmaceutical. [16] A more recent study found the median cost of bringing a new drug to market was $985 million in 2020, but did not look at the cost of developing drug delivery systems. [17]
pH-triggered drug delivery systems are able to control the pharmacokinetics and the biodistribution of the drugs enclosed within the drug carrier and have a controlled release. Many “smart” pH-responsive drug delivery systems have not made it to clinical trials. [27] However, there still are many challenges with this treatment method. [10]
Controlled drug release systems can be achieved through several methods. Rate-programmed drug delivery systems are tuned to the diffusivity of active agents across the membrane. [44] Another delivery-release mechanism is activation-modulated drug delivery, where the release is triggered by environmental stimuli.
Using an osmotic pump to deliver drugs has additional inherent advantages regarding control over drug delivery rates. This allows for much more precise drug delivery over an extended period of time, which results in much more predictable pharmacokinetics. However, osmotic release systems are relatively complicated, somewhat difficult to ...
An application of stretch-triggered drug delivery systems is the delivery of chemotherapy triggered by esophageal stent expansion. [4] Also, the incorporation of several drugs into stretch-triggered autonomous drug release systems is a possibility, allowing drugs to be released by the same or different signals. [ 1 ]
Neural drug delivery is the next step beyond the basic addition of growth factors to nerve guidance conduits. Drug delivery systems allow the rate of growth factor release to be regulated over time, which is critical for creating an environment more closely representative of in vivo development environments. [49]
Microspheres composed of dextran have several advantages as a drug delivery system including controlled drug release, localized drug concentration, and reduced adverse reactions. Controlled drug release by these dextran microparticles is achieved by degradation, which is the breakdown of chemical bonds in the molecular structure of the ...