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Kojiki (completed in 712 CE) with translation [clarification needed] by Donald L. Philippi [5] Nihon Shoki (completed in 720) with translation by W. G. Aston [6] Shoku Nihongi (covering 697 to 791) with translation by J. B. Snellen [7] Kogo Shūi (completed in 807) with translation by Genchi Katō and Hikoshirō Hoshino [8]
English translation Japanese text Romanized Japanese Selected recipients Senior First Rank 正一位 shō ichi-i: Fujiwara no Fuhito (720), Sugawara no Michizane (993), Tokugawa Ieyasu (1617), Lady Saigō (1628), Tokugawa Hidetada (1632), Tokugawa Iemitsu (1651) Junior First Rank 従一位 ju ichi-i
The Nihon Shoki also contains numerous transliteration notes telling the reader how words were pronounced in Japanese. Collectively, the stories in this book and the Kojiki are referred to as the Kiki stories. [4] The first translation was completed by William George Aston in 1896 (English). [5]
The earliest Japanese romanization system was based on Portuguese orthography.It was developed c. 1548 by a Japanese Catholic named Anjirō. [2] [citation needed] Jesuit priests used the system in a series of printed Catholic books so that missionaries could preach and teach their converts without learning to read Japanese orthography.
The list is sorted by Japanese reading (on'yomi in katakana, then kun'yomi in hiragana), in accordance with the ordering in the official Jōyō table. This list does not include characters that were present in older versions of the list but have since been removed ( 勺 , 銑 , 脹 , 錘 , 匁 ).
Commemorative stamps celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Imperial Rescript in 1940. The Imperial Rescript on Education (教育ニ関スル勅語, Kyōiku ni Kansuru Chokugo), or IRE for short, was signed by Emperor Meiji of Japan on 30 October 1890 to articulate government policy on the guiding principles of education on the Empire of Japan.
Founding ceremony of the hakkō ichiu monument on April 3, 1940. It had Prince Chichibu's calligraphy of hakkō ichiu carved on its front side. [6] Prewar 10-sen Japanese stamp, illustrating the hakkō ichiu and the 2,600th anniversary of the Empire Emperor Shōwa and Empress Kōjun preside the celebration of the 2,600th anniversary of mythical foundation of the empire in November 1940.
The term originated in the Chinese military title da yuan shuai (大元帥), a title higher than yuan shuai (元帥, pronounced gensui in Japanese).. Decree No. 252 by the Dajokan, dated 7 September 1872 first made formal mention of the rank of dai-gensui; however, no appointments to the rank were made before the rank was abolished along with that of gensui on 8 May 1873.