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  2. Serum free light-chain measurement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serum_free_light-chain...

    Abnormal free light chain production has also been reported to be prognostic of a worse outcome in multiple myeloma [36] [37] [38] and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. [39] An abnormal light-chain ratio has been defined as a kappa to lambda chain ratio of less than 0.26 or more than 1.65. [32]

  3. Organization and expression of immunoglobulin genes

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_and...

    The variable region of light is therefore encoded by the rearrangement of VJ segments. The light chain can be either kappa,κ or lambda,λ. This process takes place at the level of mRNAs processing. Random rearrangements and recombinations of the gene segments at DNA level to form one kappa or lambda light chain occurs in an orderly fashion.

  4. Immunoglobulin light chain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_light_chain

    Once set, light chain class remains fixed for the life of the B lymphocyte. In a healthy individual, the total kappa-to-lambda ratio is roughly 2:1 in serum (measuring intact whole antibodies) or 1:1.5 if measuring free light chains, with a highly divergent ratio indicative of neoplasm. The free light chain ratio ranges from 0.26 to 1.65. [1]

  5. Nephelometry (medicine) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephelometry_(medicine)

    It is important in quantification of free light chains in diseases such as multiple myeloma. Quantification is important for disease classification and for disease monitoring once a patient has been treated (increased skewing of the ratio between kappa and lambda light chains after a patient has been treated is an indication of disease recurrence).

  6. Allotype (immunology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotype_(immunology)

    The word allotype comes from two Greek roots, allo meaning 'other or differing from the norm' and typos meaning 'mark'. [1] In immunology , allotype is an immunoglobulin variation (in addition to isotypic variation) that can be found among antibody classes and is manifested by heterogeneity of immunoglobulins present in a single vertebrate species.

  7. Bence Jones protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bence_Jones_protein

    Bence Jones protein is a monoclonal globulin protein or immunoglobulin light chain found in the urine, with a molecular weight of 22–24 kDa. [1] Detection of Bence Jones protein may be suggestive of multiple myeloma, [2] or Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. [citation needed]

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  9. Immunofixation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunofixation

    The remainder get solutions with anti-IgG, anti-IgA, anti-IgM, anti-kappa light chain and anti-lambda light chain immunoglobulin, respectively from left to right. Each anti-immunoglobulin solution is artificially colored to ensure that the solution matches the color map at top. Immunofixation electrophoresis, schematic representation:

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