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The birthday problem in this more generic sense applies to hash functions: the expected number of N-bit hashes that can be generated before getting a collision is not 2 N, but rather only 2 N ⁄ 2. This is exploited by birthday attacks on cryptographic hash functions and is the reason why a small number of collisions in a hash table are, for ...
The problem in Equihash is to find distinct, -bit values ,,..., to satisfy () ()... = such that (...) has leading zeros, where is a chosen hash function. [1] In addition, there are "algorithm binding conditions" which are intended to reduce the risk of other algorithms developed to solve the underlying birthday problem being applicable.
A birthday attack is a bruteforce collision attack that exploits the mathematics behind the birthday problem in probability theory. This attack can be used to abuse communication between two or more parties. The attack depends on the higher likelihood of collisions found between random attack attempts and a fixed degree of permutations ...
The problem to determine all positive integers such that the concatenation of and in base uses at most distinct characters for and fixed [citation needed] and many other problems in the coding theory are also the unsolved problems in mathematics.
To obtain the optimal solution with minimum computation and time, the problem is solved iteratively where in each iteration the solution moves closer to the optimum solution. Such methods are known as ‘numerical optimization’, ‘simulation-based optimization’ [ 1 ] or 'simulation-based multi-objective optimization' used when more than ...
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OptimJ is a mathematical Java-based modeling language for describing and solving high-complexity problems for large-scale optimization. Perl Data Language, [22] [23] also known as PDL, an array extension to Perl ver.5, used for data manipulation, statistics, numerical simulation and visualization.
LONDON/SINGAPORE (Reuters) -European shares ticked up on Thursday after falling the previous day, while Asian stocks slipped, as trading volumes thinned ahead of the U.S. Thanksgiving holiday.