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[1] He is widely regarded as the "father of experimental psychology". [2] [3] In 1879, at the University of Leipzig, Wundt founded the first formal laboratory for psychological research. This marked psychology as an independent field of study. [4]
Many cultures throughout history have speculated on the nature of the mind, heart, soul, spirit, brain, etc. For instance, in Ancient Egypt, the Edwin Smith Papyrus contains an early description of the brain, and some speculations on its functions (described in a medical/surgical context) and the descriptions could be related to Imhotep who was the first Egyptian physician who anatomized and ...
The title, "Father of History" (Latin: pater historiae), had been conferred on Herodotus probably by Cicero. [23] Pointing out that John Myres in 1908 had believed that Herodotus was an anthropologist on a par with those of his own day, James M. Redfield asserts: "Herodotus, as we know, was both Father of History and Father of Anthropology."
Spencer's second book, Principles of Psychology, published in 1855, explored a physiological basis for psychology, and was the fruit of his friendship with Evans and Lewes. The book was founded on his fundamental assumption that the human mind is subject to natural laws and that these can be discovered within the framework of general biology.
Tylor is a founding figure of the science of social anthropology, and his scholarly works helped to build the discipline of anthropology in the nineteenth century. [3] He believed that "research into the history and prehistory of man [...] could be used as a basis for the reform of British society ."
A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Lorenz the 65th most cited scholar of the 20th century in the technical psychology journals, introductory psychology textbooks, and survey responses. [2] Lorenz's work was interrupted by the onset of World War II and in 1941 he was recruited into the German Army as a medic. [3]
c. 50 – Aulus Cornelius Celsus died, leaving De Medicina, a medical encyclopedia; Book 3 covers mental diseases.The term insania, insanity, was first used by him. The methods of treatment included bleeding, frightening the patient, emetics, enemas, total darkness, and decoctions of poppy or henbane, and pleasant ones such as music therapy, travel, sport, reading aloud, and massage.
He was a member of the Institut de France from 1913, and was a central figure in French psychology in the first half of the 20th century. [6] He was elected an international honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1932, [ 7 ] a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1938, [ 8 ] and an international ...