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Bird vocalization includes both bird calls and bird songs. In non-technical use, bird songs (often simply birdsong ) are the bird sounds that are melodious to the human ear. In ornithology and birding , songs (relatively complex vocalizations) are distinguished by function from calls (relatively simple vocalizations).
In groups such as anurans and birds, several distinct types of notes are incorporated to form songs, which are sung in different situations and serve distinct functions. [19] For example, many frogs may use trilling notes in mate attraction, but switch to different vocal patterns in aggressive territorial displays. [ 19 ]
Vocal learning is the ability to modify acoustic and syntactic sounds, acquire new sounds via imitation, and produce vocalizations. "Vocalizations" in this case refers only to sounds generated by the vocal organ (mammalian larynx or avian syrinx) as opposed to by the lips, teeth, and tongue, which require substantially less motor control. [1]
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HVC is located in the caudal nidopallium.It projects to the song motor pathway via the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA) and to the Anterior Forebrain Pathway via the basal ganglia nucleus Area X. [1] It receives recurrent motor activity through the thalamic nucleus Uvaformis (Uva) and input from the auditory system through projections from the caudalateral mesopallium (CMM) and through ...
Ancient Egyptian pharaohs wore hawk feathers and headdresses to symbolize Ra, the sun god, who took the form of a hawk. Hawks were believed to be mediators between gods and humans, guiding souls ...
Such auditory feedback is known to maintain the production of vocalization since deafness affects the vocal acoustics of both humans [17] and songbirds [18] Changing the auditory feedback also changes vocalization in human speech [19] or bird song. [20] Neural circuits have been found in the brainstem that enable such reflex adjustment. [21]
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