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All authors, including co-authors, are usually expected to have made reasonable attempts to check findings submitted for publication. In some cases, co-authors of faked research have been accused of inappropriate behavior or research misconduct for failing to verify reports authored by others or by a commercial sponsor.
In the 2000s, prestigious journals such as Nature began requiring authors to provide information about what their contributions were, [12] but there was no widely-used or machine-readable standard for this. In 2012, a draft taxonomy was created at a workshop held at Harvard involving biomedical scientists, publishers, and research funders.
Artistic research, also seen as 'practice-based research', can take form when creative works are considered both the research and the object of research itself. It is the debatable body of thought which offers an alternative to purely scientific methods in research in its search for knowledge and truth.
The European Journal of Personality defines this format: "In a registered report, authors create a study proposal that includes theoretical and empirical background, research questions/hypotheses, and pilot data (if available). Upon submission, this proposal will then be reviewed prior to data collection, and if accepted, the paper resulting ...
The pandemic has also deepened the western monopoly of science-publishing, "by August 2021, at least 210,000 new papers on covid-19 had been published, according to a Royal Society study. Of the 720,000-odd authors of these papers, nearly 270,000 were from the US, the UK, Italy or Spain." [17]
The papers introducing the ranking have been quoted extensively by authors working in Bibliometrics and Scientometrics.For example, reference [3] describing an update to the methodology of this index number is cited [12] from authors publishing in journals such as SAGE's Research on Social Work Practice, [10] Elsevier's Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation, [13] Springer's Forensic Science ...
According also to Karl Deutsch, we have been using this form of investigation for over 2,000 years. Comparing things is essential to basic scientific and philosophic inquiry, which has been done for a long time. [4] Most authors are more conservative in their estimate of how long comparative research has been with us.
Authors' institutional interests become sources of conflict when the research might harm the institution's finances or offend the author's superiors. [ 4 ] Many journals require authors to self-declare their conflicts of interest when submitting a paper; they also ask specific questions about conflicts of interest.