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When counting also the Köppen sub-categories – notably including the very rare cold-summer mediterranean climate – the island of Hawaiʻi hosts 10 (out of 14 in total) climate zones. [1] The islands receive most rainfall from the trade winds on their north and east flanks (the windward side) as a result of orographic precipitation.
Coastal mesic forests are found on the windward slopes of the major islands from sea level to 300 m (980 ft). These forests have been dominated by the native hala (Pandanus tectorius) and hau (Hibiscus tiliaceus) and naturalized (Polynesian introductions) kukui (Aleurites moluccana) and milo (Thespesia populnea) for the past 1,000–2,000 years.
The Köppen climate classification system was modified further within the Trewartha climate classification system in 1966 (revised in 1980). The Trewartha system sought to create a more refined middle latitude climate zone, which was one of the criticisms of the Köppen system (the climate group C was too general). [10]: 200–1
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Pahala has a dry-summer tropical savanna climate with hot daytime temperatures and mild nighttime temperatures year round and a summer dry season. [5] Precipitation peaks during the month of November. On April 27, 1931, the temperature reached 100 °F (37.8 °C) in Pahala, which is the highest temperature recorded in Hawaii.
The climate is a mild tropical climate with abundant rainfall, especially in the northern parts and areas of higher elevation. The terrain is characterized by gentle slopes with no defined waterways. Although rainfall is occasionally very heavy (one storm in 2003 brought 36 inches (90 cm) of rain in 24 hours), flooding is rare due to the slope ...
In modern times, Hawaiʻi is known commonly as the "Big Island" to reduce confusion between the island and the state itself. The island also contains the state's highest peak: Mauna Kea at 13,803 feet (4,207 m). Hawaiʻi County as a whole has 27 islands and a total population of 185,079.
The Maui Hazard Zone numbers are a different scale from the island of Hawaiʻi's map. The lava flow hazard zones on Maui use a different scale. They can be compared to Hawai'i Island's lava zones. [4] [5] Maui Zone 1 - Includes the crater of Haleakalā and some rift zones, mainly areas that have experienced major eruptions in the last 1500 years.