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In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the physical layer or layer 1 is the first and lowest layer: the layer most closely associated with the physical connection between devices. The physical layer provides an electrical, mechanical, and procedural interface to the transmission medium.
The PDU is passed to layer N−1, where it is known as the service data unit (SDU). At layer N−1 the SDU is concatenated with a header, a footer, or both, producing a layer N−1 PDU. It is then passed to layer N−2. The process continues until reaching the lowermost level, from which the data is transmitted to the receiving device.
The physical-layer specifications of the Ethernet family of computer network standards are published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), which defines the electrical or optical properties and the transfer speed of the physical connection between a device and the network or between network devices.
The transmission media (often referred to in the literature as the physical medium) used to link devices to form a computer network include electrical cable, optical fiber, and free space. In the OSI model, the software to handle the media is defined at layers 1 and 2 — the physical layer and the data link layer.
layers 3 Network: Packet: Structuring and managing a multi-node network, including addressing, routing and traffic control: 2 Data link: Frame: Transmission of data frames between two nodes connected by a physical layer 1 Physical: Bit, Symbol: Transmission and reception of raw bit streams over a physical medium
IEEE 802.3 is a working group and a collection of standards defining the physical layer and data link layer's media access control (MAC) of wired Ethernet.The standards are produced by the working group of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
Network architecture is the design of a computer network.It is a framework for the specification of a network's physical components and their functional organization and configuration, its operational principles and procedures, as well as communication protocols used.
The Ethernet PMD sublayer is part of the Ethernet physical layer (PHY). The hierarchy is as follows: Data link layer (Layer 2) Logical link control (LLC) sublayer; Medium access control (MAC) sublayer Reconciliation sublayer (RS) – This sublayer processes PHY local/remote fault messages and handles DDR conversion; PHY layer (Layer 1)