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Halicephalobus gingivalis is a free-living saprophagous nematode species identified and named in 1954 by Stefanski. It is a facultative parasite of horses, invading the nasal cavity, and sometimes numerous other areas, where it produces granulomatous masses.
Mature horses appear to develop a certain degree of resistance to this parasite, but it is a concern for younger horses up to about two years old. [4] P. equorum is one of the few parasites where a natural immunity develops in the host. [3] However, when an infection is found in an adult horse, both the worm and egg counts are substantially low ...
Wood affected by woodworm. Signs of woodworm usually consist of holes in the wooden item, with live infestations showing powder (faeces), known as frass, around the holes.. The size of the holes varies, but they are typically 1 to 1.5 millimetres (5 ⁄ 128 to 1 ⁄ 16 in) in diameter for the most common household species, although they can be much larger in the case of the house longhorn beet
Both livestock and companion animals are susceptible to mite infestation and although this article will focus on livestock, the two are similar. Humans also may become infested by contagion from these domestic animals (a zoonosis). Infestation by mites usually causes skin diseases known as mange, scab, demodecosis, or in general as acariasis ...
Common symptoms include pruritic erythematous papules, [3] with a size of 1–3 mm, [4] and a central punctum, [5] as well as macules and urticaria. [2] Individuals frequently describe repeated or long-term episodes of papular outbreaks, often appearing in clusters and accompanied by severe itching sensations. [ 6 ]
A light infection within a horse will likely not exhibit any symptoms of infection. [2] However, a horse with a heavy infection can experience GI issues, weakness and anemia. [2] Immunocompromised horses (ex: extremely old and extremely young) can have only a light parasite load, but experience infection symptoms associated with extreme ...
Symptoms can range depending on how severe the infection is. In mild cases the most common clinical signs are weight loss, compromised performance, and a dull hair coat. [ 6 ] Other clinical signs can range from diarrhea, weakness, anorexia, anemia if there are significant blood loss and abdominal discomfort.
A survey of horses in Kentucky revealed a 42% rate of infestation with Thelazia lacrymalis. [14] In Wyoming and Utah, a survey of hunter-harvested mule deer found 15% to be infested by Thelazia californiensis. [15] A survey of various sites in Italy found 23-60% of dogs, 5% of foxes and 4 out of 4 cats to be infested with Thelazia callipaeda. [16]