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The androgen backdoor pathways occur without the involvement of testosterone (T) and/or androstenedione (A4), which are part of the conventional, canonical (classic) [30] [31] [11] androgenic pathway. [15] In the canonical pathways of androgen biosynthesis, DHT is synthesized from T via 5α-reduction, so that 5α-reduction of T, a C
Schematic diagram of the androgen biosynthesis via the canonical, backdoor, and 11-oxyback door pathways. Items portrayed in this file depicts. androgen biosynthetic ...
5α-Reductase (1, 2, 3) – androgen and neurosteroid synthesis, progestogen metabolism; 5β-Reductase – androgen and progestogen metabolism, neurosteroid synthesis; Conjugation (and deconjugation) Glucuronosyltransferase – steroid metabolism [6] Glucuronidase (β-glucuronidase) – steroid synthesis [7]
Shown also is the major classes of steroid hormones: progestagens, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens and estrogens. However, they partly overlap, e.g. mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. White circles indicate changes in molecular structure compared with precursors.
It functions as a metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of the androgen and estrogen sex steroids both in the gonads and in various other tissues. [ 4 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] However, DHEA also has a variety of potential biological effects in its own right, binding to an array of nuclear and cell surface receptors , [ 10 ] and acting as a ...
Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and androgen in males. [3] In humans, testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as testicles and prostate, as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair.
The activity of this enzyme towards 3α-diol is important not only in the conventional pathways of androgen biosynthesis, but also in the androgen backdoor patthway. [ 21 ] [ 22 ] [ 23 ] [ 7 ] An important emzyme activity in humans is the transformation of the one of the most potent natural androgens, 5α-dihydrotestosterone into 3α-diol, a ...
The androgen backdoor pathway (red arrows) roundabout testosterone embedded in within conventional androgen synthesis that lead to 5α-dihydrotestosterone through testosterone [27] [28] [29] CAH is a genetic disorder characterized by impaired production of cortisol in the adrenal glands. [1] [4] Production of cortisol begins at week 8 of fetal ...