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Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition disease, also known as pseudogout and pyrophosphate arthropathy, is a rheumatologic disease which is thought to be secondary to abnormal accumulation of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals within joint soft tissues. [1] The knee joint is most commonly affected. [2]
Cox and his associates at Duke, and later at Washington University School of Medicine developed the "maze" or "Cox maze" procedure, an "open-heart" cardiac surgery procedure intended to eliminate atrial fibrillation (AF). Incidence of stroke in patients with AF who are anticoagulated is still around 2-5% per year.
Other forms of cardiac pacing are transvenous pacing, epicardial pacing, [5] and permanent pacing with an implantable pacemaker. In addition to synchronized transcutaneous pacing offered by newer cardiac monitor/defibrillators, there is also an option for asynchronous pacing.
Congestive heart failure patients that were implanted with an ICD had an all-cause death risk 23% lower than placebo and an absolute decrease in mortality of 7.2 percentage points after five years in the overall population. 1 Reporting in 1999, the Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) trial consisted of 1,016 patients, and ...
The types of SVT associated with TIC include atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, incessant atrial tachycardia, permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia, atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia, and atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia. [1] Atrial fibrillation is the most common and well-studied etiology of TIC. [1] [5]
Vasodilators(depends on the individuals condition, maybe surgery Aortic valve replacement) [1] [3] Aortic regurgitation ( AR ), also known as aortic insufficiency ( AI ), is the leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole , from the aorta into the left ventricle .
Arrhythmias can also occur, most-commonly atrial fibrillation (incidence of 20–40%) that is treated with correcting electrolyte balance, and rate and rhythm control. [ 42 ] [ 38 ] However, arrhythmia such as ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation can be a sign of postoperative myocardial ischemia that is treated depending on the cause.
An ectopic pacemaker located in the atria is known as an atrial pacemaker and can cause the atrial contraction to be faster. [10] An ectopic pacemaker situated near the AV node and the septum is known as a junctional pacemaker. [11] The pacemaker that is operating in the ventricles is known as the ventricular. [12]