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Atmospheric dispersion modeling is the mathematical simulation of how air pollutants disperse in the ambient atmosphere. It is performed with computer programs that include algorithms to solve the mathematical equations that govern the pollutant dispersion.
Atmospheric pollutant concentrations expressed as mass per unit volume of atmospheric air (e.g., mg/m 3, μg/m 3, etc.) at sea level will decrease with increasing altitude because the atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude. The change of atmospheric pressure with altitude can be obtained from this equation: [2]
AERMOD – An atmospheric dispersion model based on atmospheric boundary layer turbulence structure and scaling concepts, including treatment of multiple ground-level and elevated point, area and volume sources. It handles flat or complex, rural or urban terrain and includes algorithms for building effects and plume penetration of inversions aloft.
The AERMOD atmospheric dispersion modeling system is an integrated system that includes three modules: [1] [2] [3]. Graphic display of Aermod output. A steady-state dispersion model designed for short-range (up to 50 kilometers) dispersion of direct air pollutant emissions primarily from stationary industrial sources.
The ADMS 3 (Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling System) is an advanced atmospheric pollution dispersion model for calculating concentrations of atmospheric pollutants emitted both continuously from point, line, volume and area sources, or intermittently from point sources. [1]
The CALPUFF model is designed to simulate the dispersion of buoyant, puff or continuous point and area pollution sources as well as the dispersion of buoyant, continuous line sources. The model also includes algorithms for handling the effect of downwash by nearby buildings in the path of the pollution plumes.
There are five types of air pollution dispersion models, as well as some hybrids of the five types: [1] Box model – The box model is the simplest of the model types. [2] It assumes the airshed (i.e., a given volume of atmospheric air in a geographical region) is in the shape of a box.
PUFF-PLUME is a model used to help predict how air pollution disperses in the atmosphere. It is a Gaussian atmospheric transport chemical/radionuclide dispersion model that includes wet and dry deposition, real-time input of meteorological observations and forecasts, dose estimates from inhalation and gamma shine (i.e., radiation), and puff or continuous plume dispersion modes.