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2. Hall effect sensor - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall_effect_sensor

   A Hall effect sensor (also known as a Hall sensor or Hall probe) is any sensor incorporating one or more Hall elements, each of which produces a voltage proportional to one axial component of the magnetic field vector B using the Hall effect (named for physicist Edwin Hall).

3. MEMS magnetic field sensor - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MEMS_magnetic_field_sensor

   A MEMS magnetic field sensor is a small-scale microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) device for detecting and measuring magnetic fields (magnetometer). Many of these operate by detecting effects of the Lorentz force : a change in voltage or resonant frequency may be measured electronically, or a mechanical displacement may be measured optically.

4. Current sensing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_sensing

   They are activated by an external magnetic field. In this generalized device, the Hall sensor senses the magnetic field produced by the magnetic system. This system responds to the quantity to be sensed (current, temperature, position, velocity, etc.) through the input interface. The Hall element is the basic magnetic field sensor.

5. Magnetometer - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetometer

   The Earth's magnetic field at a given point is a vector. A magnetic compass is designed to give a horizontal bearing direction, whereas a vector magnetometer measures both the magnitude and direction of the total magnetic field. Three orthogonal sensors are required to measure the components of the magnetic field in all three dimensions.

6. Hall effect - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall_effect

   The Hall coefficient is defined as the ratio of the induced electric field to the product of the current density and the applied magnetic field. It is a characteristic of the material from which the conductor is made, since its value depends on the type, number, and properties of the charge carriers that constitute the current.

7. Inductive sensor - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_sensor

   An inductive sensor is a device that uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to detect or measure objects. An inductor develops a magnetic field when an electric current flows through it; alternatively, a current will flow through a circuit containing an inductor when the magnetic field through it changes. This effect can be used to ...