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Epistemic modality is exemplified by the English modals may, might, must. However, it occurs cross-linguistically, encoded in a wide variety of lexical items and grammatical structures. Epistemic modality has been studied from many perspectives within linguistics and philosophy. It is one of the most studied phenomena in formal semantics.
dynamic modality, [2] which may be distinguished from deontic modality in that, with dynamic modality, the conditioning factors are internal – the subject's own ability or willingness to act [3] The following sentences illustrate epistemic and deontic uses of the English modal verb must: epistemic: You must be starving.
The English modal auxiliary verbs are a subset of the English auxiliary verbs used mostly to express modality, properties such as possibility and obligation. [a] They can most easily be distinguished from other verbs by their defectiveness (they do not have participles or plain forms [b]) and by their lack of the ending ‑(e)s for the third-person singular.
You must/might have done now. Past: tūnē kiyā hogā pêhlē. You must/might have done it before (in the past). Progressive: Present: tū kar rahā hogā abhī: You must/might be doing it now. Past: tū kar rahā hogā do din pêhlē: You must/might have been doing it two days ago. Future: tū kar rahā hogā do din bād: You must/might be ...
Precisely what axioms and rules must be added to the propositional calculus to create a usable system of modal logic is a matter of philosophical opinion, often driven by the theorems one wishes to prove; or, in computer science, it is a matter of what sort of computational or deductive system one wishes to model.
Remember when we used to excitedly await Netflix DVDs in the mail? How about those thrilling trips to Blockbuster, where you picked a movie solely based on the VHS cover art? (And please don’t ...
The English modal verbs consist of the core modals can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, as well as ought (to), had better, and in some uses dare and need. [20] These do not inflect for person or number, [ 20 ] do not occur alone, and do not have infinitive or participle forms (except synonyms, as with be/being/been able (to ...
However, most conventional loans require you to keep at least 20% equity after refinancing — meaning on a $400,000 home, you must maintain $80,000 in equity, leaving $70,000 available to borrow.