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The Bosnian War [a] (Serbo-Croatian: Rat u Bosni i Hercegovini / Рат у Босни и Херцеговини) was an international armed conflict that took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1992 and 1995. The war is commonly seen as having started on 6 April 1992, following several earlier violent incidents.
The 1992 Yugoslav campaign in Bosnia was a series of engagements between the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and the Territorial Defence Force of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (TO BiH) and then the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH) during the Bosnian war. The campaign effectively started on 3 April and ended 19 May.
More than 300,000 people died in Bosnia and Herzegovina in World War II, or more than 10% of the population. [95] At the end of the war, the establishment of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia , with the constitution of 1946 , officially made Bosnia and Herzegovina one of six constituent republics in the new state.
This re-organisation followed the declaration of the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina on 9 January 1992, ahead of the referendum on the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina that took place between 29 February and 1 March 1992. This declaration would later be cited by the Bosnian Serbs as a pretext for the Bosnian War. [1]
During the war, and following the massive deterioration of internal security under the incompetent Ustaše regime, the Nazis created a quisling Waffen-SS unit in Bosnia called the 13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Handschar (1st Croatian) in February 1943. [6] Imam Halim Malkoć was the only Muslim to earn the German Iron Cross during ...
The siege of Sarajevo (Serbo-Croatian: Opsada Sarajeva) was a prolonged blockade of Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, during the ethnically charged Bosnian War. After it was initially besieged by Serbian forces of the Yugoslav People's Army , the city was then besieged by the Army of Republika Srpska .
Initial estimates placed the number of refugees and internally displaced people during the Bosnian War at 2.7 million, [11] though later publications by the UN cite 2.2 million people who fled or were forced from their homes. [114] It was the largest exodus in Europe since World War II. [72]
Siege of Bihać; Part of the Bosnian War, Croatian War of Independence and the Inter-Bosnian Muslim War: Map of the Bihać enclave (under the control of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian government), surrounded by the Republic of Serbian Krajina (in the northwest), the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia (to the north) and the Republika Srpska (to the southeast)