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  2. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PI3K/AKT/mTOR_pathway

    Shh works through a slow protein synthesis dependence, which stimulates other cascades that work synergistically with the PI3K/AKT pathway to induce proliferation. Then, the other pathway can be turned off and the effects of the PI3K/AKT pathway become insufficient in stopping differentiation. [2] The specifics of this pathway are unknown.

  3. Aspartate transaminase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartate_transaminase

    Aspartate transaminase (AST) or aspartate aminotransferase, also known as AspAT/ASAT/AAT or (serum) glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT, SGOT), is a pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent transaminase enzyme (EC 2.6.1.1) that was first described by Arthur Karmen and colleagues in 1954.

  4. Transamination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transamination

    Transamination is mediated by several types of aminotransferase enzymes. An aminotransferase may be specific for an individual amino acid, or it may be able to process any member of a group of similar ones, for example the branched-chain amino acids, which comprises valine, isoleucine, and leucine.

  5. Acute liver failure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_liver_failure

    The complications are hepatic encephalopathy and impaired protein synthesis (as measured by the levels of serum albumin and the prothrombin time in the blood). The 1993 classification defines hyperacute as within 1 week, acute as 8–28 days, and subacute as 4–12 weeks; [ 1 ] both the speed with which the disease develops and the underlying ...

  6. Protein metabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_metabolism

    Protein anabolism is the process by which proteins are formed from amino acids. It relies on five processes: amino acid synthesis, transcription, translation, post translational modifications, and protein folding. Proteins are made from amino acids. In humans, some amino acids can be synthesized using already existing intermediates. These amino ...

  7. Purine nucleotide cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purine_nucleotide_cycle

    Besides the myokinase reaction, a high ATP consumption and low ATP reservoir also increases protein catabolism and salvage of IMP, which results in increased AMP and IMP. These two nucleotides can then enter the purine nucleotide cycle to produce fumarate which will then produce ATP by oxidative phosphorylation.

  8. Biochemical cascade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemical_cascade

    The hepatocyte also regulates other functions for constitutive synthesis of proteins (albumin, ALT and AST) that influences the synthesis or activation of other molecules (synthesis of urea and essential amino acids), activate vitamin D, utilization of vitamin K, transporter expression of vitamin A and conversion of thyroxine. [15] [30]

  9. Proteostasis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteostasis

    Proteostasis is the dynamic regulation of a balanced, functional proteome.The proteostasis network includes competing and integrated biological pathways within cells that control the biogenesis, folding, trafficking, and degradation of proteins present within and outside the cell.