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' Евдокия Федоровна Лопухина ' (9 August 1669 – 7 September 1731) [alt 1] was the first wife of Peter I the Great, and the last ethnic Russian and non-foreign wife of a Russian monarch. [1] She was the mother of Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich and the paternal grandmother of Peter II of Russia.
Peter I (Russian: Пётр I Алексеевич, romanized: Pyotr I Alekseyevich, IPA: [ˈpʲɵtr ɐlʲɪkˈsʲejɪvʲɪtɕ]; 9 June [O.S. 30 May] 1672 – 8 February [O.S. 28 January] 1725), known as Peter the Great, [note 1] was the Tsar of all Russia from 1682 and the first Emperor of all Russia from 1721 until his death in 1725.
Catherine I Alekseyevna Mikhailova; [a] born Marta Samuilovna Skavronskaya; [b] 15 April [O.S. 5 April] 1684 – 17 May [O.S. 6 May] 1727) was the second wife and Empress consort of Peter the Great, whom she succeeded as Empress of Russia, ruling from 1725 until her death in 1727.
B.H. Sumner, Peter the Great and the Emergence of Russia (London: 1950), pp 91–100. Fredrick Charles Weber, The Present State of Russia (2 vols.), (1723; reprint, London: Frank Cass and Co, 1968). Lindsey Hughes, Russia in the Age of Peter the Great (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1998).
Peter was born in Kiel, in the duchy of Holstein-Gottorp. His parents were Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, and Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia. Charles Frederick was a grandson of Charles XI of Sweden, and Anna was a daughter of the Russian monarchs Peter the Great and Catherine I. Peter's mother died shortly after his birth.
Peter would found the House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov that would go on to rule Russia until the early 20th-century. A few days after his birth, the barely twenty-year-old duchess caught puerperal fever and died on 4 March 1728. [1] In memory of his wife, Karl Friedrich founded the Order of St Anna, which subsequently became a Russian decoration.
In 1707, Peter I married again, to Marta Helena Skowrońska, later to become Catherine I of Russia, who dyed her hair black so she would not resemble flaxen hair-ed Anna Mons. [6] Anna's younger brother, Willem Mons, became secretary and friend of Catherine. He was an old friend of Peter's, having taken part in the Battle of Poltava.
Paul was son of Emperor Peter III, nephew and anointed heir of the Empress Elizabeth (second-eldest daughter of Tsar Peter the Great), and his wife Catherine II, born Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst, daughter of a minor German prince who married into the Russian Romanov dynasty.