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Of the surviving pre-Roman accounts of Scotland, the first written reference to Scotland was the Greek Pytheas of Massalia, who may have circumnavigated the British Isles of Albion and Ierne (Ireland) [28] [29] sometime around 325 BC. The most northerly point of Britain was called Orcas (Orkney).
The name of Scotland is derived from the Latin Scoti, the term applied to Gaels. The origin of the word Scotia dates back to the 4th century and was first used by Roman writers to describe the northern Gaelic group of raiders that left present-day Ireland and landed in west coast Scotland. [3]
The first written reference to Scotland was in 320 BC by Greek sailor Pytheas, who called the northern tip of Britain "Orcas", the source of the name of the Orkney islands. [27]: 10 Most of modern Scotland was not incorporated into the Roman Empire, and Roman control over parts of the area fluctuated over a rather short period.
Geographically, Scotland is divided between the Highlands and Islands and the Lowlands. The Highlands had a relatively short growing season, which was even shorter during the Little Ice Age. Scotland's population at the start of the Black Death was about 1 million; by the end of the plague, it was only half a million. It expanded in the first ...
Scotia is a Latin placename derived from Scoti, a Latin name for the Gaels, [1] first attested in the late 3rd century. [1] The Romans referred to Ireland as "Scotia" around 500 A.D. From the 9th century on, its meaning gradually shifted, so that it came to mean only the part of Britain lying north of the Firth of Forth: the Kingdom of Scotland ...
The Monymusk Reliquary, or Brecbennoch as it was called, dates from c. 750, and purportedly enclosed bones of Columba, the most popular saint in Medieval Scotland The roots of Christianity in Scotland can probably be found among the soldiers, notably Saint Kessog , son of the king of Cashel , and ordinary Roman citizens in the vicinity of ...
King Donald II was the first man to have been called rí Alban (i.e. King of Alba), when he died at Dunnottar in 900. [4] This meant king of Caledonia or Scotland. All his predecessors bore the style of either King of the Picts or King of Fortriu. Such an apparent innovation in the Gaelic chronicles is occasionally taken to spell the birth of ...
Alex Salmond becomes the First Minister of Scotland, the first nationalist politician to serve as first minister. [3] 2011: The Scottish National Party under Alex Salmond gain an overall majority of the Scottish Parliament. 2013: The Church of Scotland's ruling General Assembly votes to allow actively gay men and women to become ministers. 2014 ...