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An epinephrine autoinjector (or adrenaline autoinjector, also known by the trademark EpiPen) is a medical device for injecting a measured dose or doses of epinephrine (adrenaline) by means of autoinjector technology. It is most often used for the treatment of anaphylaxis. The first epinephrine autoinjector was brought to market in 1983.
Epinephrine nasal spray also demonstrated similar increases in blood pressure and heart rate as epinephrine injection products, two critical effects of epinephrine in the treatment of anaphylaxis. [30] A study of epinephrine nasal spray in children weighing more than 66 pounds showed that epinephrine concentrations in children were similar to ...
“Anaphylaxis is life-threatening and some people, particularly children, may delay or avoid treatment due to fear of injections,” said Dr. Kelly Stone, associate director of the Division of ...
The primary treatment of anaphylaxis is epinephrine injection into a muscle, intravenous fluids, then placing the person "in a reclining position with feet elevated to help restore normal blood flow". [1] [9] Additional doses of epinephrine may be required. [1] Other measures, such as antihistamines and steroids, are complementary. [1]
Epinephrine autoinjectors are portable single-dose epinephrine-dispensing devices used to treat anaphylaxis. The mainstay of treatment is total avoidance of egg protein intake. [45] This is complicated because the declaration of the presence of trace amounts of allergens in foods is not mandatory (see regulation of labelling).
Some medications are formulated as injector pens to quicken the onset of action of the medication. This includes epinephrine, which when used to treat anaphylaxis must work as soon as possible. [19] Contrary to most other injector pens, epinephrine injector pens are designed to administer the medication via intramuscular injection. [19]
Early exposure of children to potential allergens may be protective. [5] Treatments for allergies include avoidance of known allergens and the use of medications such as steroids and antihistamines. [6] In severe reactions, injectable adrenaline (epinephrine) is recommended. [7]
Allergen immunotherapy, also known as desensitization or hypo-sensitization, is a medical treatment for environmental allergies (such as insect bites) and asthma. [1] [2] Immunotherapy involves exposing people to larger and larger amounts of allergens in an attempt to change the immune system's response.