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The outcome of the congenital heart block varies a lot due to several factors, such as the associated diseases, severity of the atrioventricular block, maternal age...etc. In terms of the severity of the AV block, newborn kids with heart rate lower than 55 bpm have a negative outcome and higher chance to need pace-maker implantation, [ 1 ] as ...
Most congenital heart defects are not associated with other diseases. [3] A complication of CHD is heart failure. [2] Congenital heart defects are the most common birth defect. [3] [11] In 2015, they were present in 48.9 million people globally. [8] They affect between 4 and 75 per 1,000 live births, depending upon how they are diagnosed.
Neonatal lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease in an infant born to a mother with anti-Ro/SSA and with or without anti-La/SSB antibodies. [1] [2] The disease most commonly presents with a diffuse/periorbital rash resembling subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and can have systemic abnormalities such as complete heart block or hepatosplenomegaly. [3]
Other risk factors include: having a parent with a congenital heart defect, alcohol use while pregnant, uncontrolled diabetes treatment during pregnancy and some medications during pregnancy. [5] This type of congenital heart defect is associated with patients with Down syndrome (trisomy 21) or heterotaxy syndromes.
Newborn heart with HRHS, note the underdeveloped left side. When the right side of the heart is more underdeveloped than the left side, this is known as hypoplastic right heart syndrome. HRHS is known for the pulmonary valve, the tricuspid valve, right ventricle, and the pulmonary artery all failing to form properly. HRHS also causes the right ...
[5]: 62 Babies with Down syndrome and other chromosomal defects that cause congenital heart defects may also be at risk of teratology of Fallot. [11] Teratology of fallot is typically treated by open heart surgery in the first year of life. [8] The timing of surgery depends on the baby's symptoms and size. [8]
It is characterized by cardiac arrhythmia, or irregular beating of the heart, caused by abnormal conduction from or through the atrioventricular node (AV node). [2] [3] In newborns and infants up to 6 weeks old, the disease may also be referred to as His bundle tachycardia or congenital JET.
Congenital heart disease, particularly VSDs, is the number one cause of death for children with Down syndrome ages birth to two. [ 7 ] A VSD can also form a few days after a myocardial infarction [ 8 ] (heart attack) due to mechanical tearing of the septal wall, before scar tissue forms, when macrophages start remodeling the dead heart tissue.