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  2. Internal consistency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_consistency

    Internal consistency is usually measured with Cronbach's alpha, a statistic calculated from the pairwise correlations between items. Internal consistency ranges between negative infinity and one. Coefficient alpha will be negative whenever there is greater within-subject variability than between-subject variability.

  3. Cronbach's alpha - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronbach's_alpha

    Cronbach's alpha (Cronbach's ), also known as tau-equivalent reliability or coefficient alpha (coefficient ), is a reliability coefficient and a measure of the internal consistency of tests and measures. [1] [2] [3] It was named after the American psychologist Lee Cronbach.

  4. Values in Action Inventory of Strengths - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Values_in_Action_Inventory...

    Peterson and Seligman repeated this process until Cronbach's alpha for all scales exceeded 0.70. The researchers added three reverse-scored items in each of the 24 scales as well. For the current [may be outdated as of October 2023] version of the VIA-IS, test-retest correlations for all scales during a four-month period are > 0.70. [1]

  5. Reliability (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliability_(statistics)

    The most common internal consistency measure is Cronbach's alpha, which is usually interpreted as the mean of all possible split-half coefficients. [9] Cronbach's alpha is a generalization of an earlier form of estimating internal consistency, Kuder–Richardson Formula 20 . [ 9 ]

  6. Spearman–Brown prediction formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spearman–Brown_prediction...

    For the reliability of a two-item test, the formula is more appropriate than Cronbach's alpha (used in this way, the Spearman-Brown formula is also called "standardized Cronbach's alpha", as it is the same as Cronbach's alpha computed using the average item intercorrelation and unit-item variance, rather than the average item covariance and ...

  7. Lee Cronbach - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Cronbach

    Lee Joseph Cronbach (April 22, 1916 – October 1, 2001) was an American educational psychologist who made contributions to psychological testing and measurement.. At the University of Illinois, Urbana, Cronbach produced many of his works: the "Alpha" paper (Cronbach, 1951), as well as an essay titled "The Two Disciplines of Scientific Psychology", in the American Psychologist magazine in 1957 ...

  8. Kuder–Richardson formulas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuder–Richardson_formulas

    The name of this formula stems from the fact that is the twentieth formula discussed in Kuder and Richardson's seminal paper on test reliability. [1] It is a special case of Cronbach's α, computed for dichotomous scores. [2] [3] It is often claimed that a high KR-20 coefficient (e.g., > 0.90) indicates a homogeneous test. However, like ...

  9. Item response theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Item_response_theory

    The standard errors are normally produced as a by-product of the estimation process. The separation index is typically very close in value to Cronbach's alpha. [28] IRT is sometimes called strong true score theory or modern mental test theory because it is a more recent body of theory and makes more explicit the hypotheses that are implicit ...