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"Social auditing" Social Accounting and audit is a comprehensive triple bottom line planning and measurement method. [1]Social accounting and audit uses quantitative analysis of planned and actual measurement, ratio analysis for comparing trends over time, and qualitative analysis of constant comparison using ‘coding’ and ‘categorizing’ so that responses can be made and measured.
Social Accountability 8000 (SA 8000) is an international standard for social accountability management systems. It was developed in 1997 by Social Accountability International, formerly the Council on Economic Priorities Accreditation Agency, by an advisory board consisting of trade unions , NGOs , civil society organizations and companies. [ 1 ]
Triple bottom line (TBL) accounting expands the traditional reporting framework to take into account social and environmental performance in addition to financial performance. In 1981, Freer Spreckley first articulated the triple bottom line framework in a publication called Social Audit - A Management Tool for Co-operative Working. [8]
His book Capitalism and Freedom, inspired by a series of lectures he gave at Wabash College, [72] brought him national and international attention outside academia. [73] It was published in 1962 by the University of Chicago Press and consists of essays that used non-mathematical economic models to explore issues of public policy. [ 74 ]
The first complete internal model for social accounting and audit, 1981, was designed for social enterprises to help plan and measure their social, environmental and financial progress towards achieving their planned objectives. [8] Organizations are seen to benefit from implementing social accounting practices in a number of ways, e.g.: [9] [10]
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To conduct the actual social audit, the volunteers among the NREGA beneficiaries are selected from 'gram sabhas' or village assemblies by DRPs. [25] An application under the RTI to access relevant official documents is the first step of the social audit. Then the management personnel of the social audit verify these official records by ...
The CAG is also the head of the Indian Audit and Accounts Department, the affairs of which are managed by officers of Indian Audit and Accounts Service, and has over 45,000 employees across the country. [citation needed] The CAG is ranked 9th and enjoys the same status as a judge of Supreme Court of India in Indian order of precedence.