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Moniliophthora perniciosa (previously Crinipellis perniciosa) [1] is a fungus that causes "witches' broom disease" (WBD) of the cocoa tree T. cacao. [2] This pathogen is currently limited to South America, Panama and the Caribbean, and is perhaps one of the best-known cocoa diseases, thought to have co-evolved with cocoa in its centre of origin (first recorded in the Brazilian Amazon in 1785).
The cocoa bean, also known as cocoa (/ ˈ k oʊ. k oʊ /) or cacao (/ k ə ˈ k aʊ /), [1] is the dried and fully fermented seed of Theobroma cacao, the cacao tree, from which cocoa solids (a mixture of nonfat substances) and cocoa butter (the fat) can be extracted.
Flow rate of air This is in part related to the concentration points above. If "fresh" air (i.e., air which is neither already saturated with the substance nor with other substances) is moving over the substance all the time, then the concentration of the substance in the air is less likely to go up with time, thus encouraging faster evaporation.
Roasting is a process of heating a sulfide ore to a high temperature in the presence of air. It is a step in the processing of certain ores . More specifically, roasting is often a metallurgical process involving gas–solid reactions at elevated temperatures with the goal of purifying the metal component(s).
In May 2021, Kakao VX has started a premium golf driving range business using Kakao Friends characters. [26] In 2018, Kakao has released Kakao Little Friends Phone, a smartphone dedicated to elementary school students that has enhanced protection for their children. [27] Kakao Little Friends Phone was released up to version 4 by 2021. [28]
The service operated as Daum Webtoon alongside Kakao's other service, KakaoPage, attracting many readers to its platform. It wasn't until August 1, 2021, when the service was relaunched as Kakao Webtoon in order to expand globally and management changed to the platform now being operated by Kakao Entertainment , a subsidiary of Kakao. [ 2 ]
At the end of the roasting cycle, the roasted beans are dumped from the roasting chamber and are typically cooled by air or water-quenching. During the roasting process, coffee beans lose 15 to 18% of their mass due mainly to the loss of water but also to volatile compounds.
Kue bolu or simply bolu is an Indonesian term that describes a wide variety of sponge cakes, tarts and cupcakes. [1] [2]Kue bolu might be steamed or baked.There are a wide variety of kue bolu, and most have a soft and fluffy texture, akin to sponge cake or chiffon cake.