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  2. Tetrad (meiosis) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrad_(meiosis)

    The tetrad is the four spores produced after meiosis of a yeast or other Ascomycota, Chlamydomonas or other alga, or a plant. After parent haploids mate, they produce diploids. Under appropriate environmental conditions, diploids sporulate and undergo meiosis. The meiotic products, spores, remain packaged in the parental cell body to produce ...

  3. List of medical triads, tetrads, and pentads - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_medical_triads...

    A medical triad is a group of three signs or symptoms, the result of injury to three organs, which characterise a specific medical condition. The appearance of all three signs conjoined together in another patient, points to that the patient has the same medical condition, or diagnosis.

  4. Bivalent (genetics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bivalent_(genetics)

    In cellular biology, a bivalent is one pair of chromosomes (homologous chromosomes) in a tetrad. A tetrad is the association of a pair of homologous chromosomes (4 sister chromatids ) physically held together by at least one DNA crossover .

  5. Garrod's tetrad - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garrod's_tetrad

    In medicine, Garrod's tetrad is a term named for British physician Archibald Garrod, who introduced the phrase "inborn errors of metabolism" in a lecture in 1908. [ 1 ] The tetrad comprises four inherited metabolic diseases : albinism , alkaptonuria , cystinuria , and pentosuria .

  6. Tetrad test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrad_test

    The tetrad test is a series of behavioral paradigms in which rodents treated with cannabinoids such as THC show effects. [1] [2] It is widely used for screening drugs that induce cannabinoid receptor-mediated effects in rodents. The four behavioral components of the tetrad are spontaneous activity, catalepsy, hypothermia, and analgesia.

  7. Bioassay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioassay

    A bioassay is a biochemical test to estimate the potency of a sample compound. Usually this potency can only be measured relative to a standard compound. [3] [1] A typical bioassay involves a stimulus (ex. drugs) applied to a subject (ex. animals, tissues, plants). The corresponding response (ex. death) of the subject is thereby triggered and ...

  8. Origin and function of meiosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_and_function_of_meiosis

    The origin and function of meiosis are currently not well understood scientifically, and would provide fundamental insight into the evolution of sexual reproduction in eukaryotes. There is no current consensus among biologists on the questions of how sex in eukaryotes arose in evolution , what basic function sexual reproduction serves, and why ...

  9. Chiasma (genetics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiasma_(genetics)

    When each tetrad, which is composed of two pairs of sister chromatids, begins to split, the only points of contact are at the chiasmata. The chiasmata become visible during the diplotene stage of prophase I of meiosis , but the actual "crossing-overs" of genetic material are thought to occur during the previous pachytene stage.