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Technically speaking, tagged PDF is a stylized use of the format that builds on the logical structure framework introduced in PDF 1.3. Tagged PDF defines a set of standard structure types and attributes that allow page content (text, graphics, and images) to be extracted and reused for other purposes.
The Chomsky hierarchy in the fields of formal language theory, computer science, and linguistics, is a containment hierarchy of classes of formal grammars. A formal grammar describes how to form strings from a language's vocabulary (or alphabet) that are valid according to the language's syntax. The linguist Noam Chomsky theorized that four ...
This format also supports ranges, e.g. digit: charset [#"0"-#"9"], but it is not used here for consistency with the other examples. One possible syntax diagram for the example grammars is below. While the syntax for the text-based grammars differs, the syntax diagram for all of them can be the same because it is a metalanguage.
In linguistics, X-bar theory is a model of phrase-structure grammar and a theory of syntactic category formation [1] that was first proposed by Noam Chomsky in 1970 [2] reformulating the ideas of Zellig Harris (1951 [3]), and further developed by Ray Jackendoff (1974, [4] 1977a, [5] 1977b [6]), along the lines of the theory of generative grammar put forth in the 1950s by Chomsky.
Syntax was recognized as the focal point of language production, in which a finite set of rules can produce an infinite number of sentences. Subsequently, morphology (i.e. the study of structure and formation of words) and phonology (i.e. the study of organization of sounds in languages) were relegated in importance.
Treebank. Most syntactic treebanks annotate variants of either phrase structure (left) or dependency structure (right). In linguistics, a treebank is a parsed text corpus that annotates syntactic or semantic sentence structure. The construction of parsed corpora in the early 1990s revolutionized computational linguistics, which benefitted from ...
Formalism (linguistics) A generative parse tree: the sentence is divided into a noun phrase (subject), and a verb phrase which includes the object. This is in contrast to structural and functional grammar which considers the subject and object as equal constituents. [1] [2] Part of a series on.
A markup language is a text-encoding system which specifies the structure and formatting of a document and potentially the relationships among its parts. [1] Markup can control the display of a document or enrich its content to facilitate automated processing. A markup language is a set of rules governing what markup information may be included ...