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A marcher lord (Welsh: barwn y mers) was a noble appointed by the king of England to guard the border (known as the Welsh Marches) between England and Wales. A marcher lord was the English equivalent of a margrave (in the Holy Roman Empire ) or a marquis (in France) before the introduction of the title of "marquess" in Britain; no marcher lord ...
Inspired by Hywel's success, Gruffydd ap Rhys, Prince of Deheubarth, hastened to meet with Gruffydd I of Gwynedd, his father-in-law, to enlist his aid. [4] However, the opportunities presented by the anarchy worked both ways - the absence of Gruffydd ap Rhys from Deheubarth enabled Marcher lords to encroach further into Deheubarth. [7]
Etymologically, the word "margrave" (Latin: marchio, c. 1551) is the English and French form of the German noble title Markgraf (German pronunciation: [ˈmaʁkˌɡʁaːf] ⓘ; Mark, meaning "march" or "mark", that is, borderland, added to Graf, meaning "Count"); it is related semantically to the English title "Marcher Lord". As a noun and ...
Nevertheless, by the end of the 12th century the Marcher lordships were reduced to the south and south-east of the country. [2] The principality of Gwynedd was the dominant power in Wales in the first half of the 13th century, with Powys and Deheubarth becoming tributary states. [3] Gwynedd's princes now assumed the title "Prince of Wales". [4]
The marcher lordship was originally bestowed to the Earls of Surrey of the Warenne family, being seized from the inheritance of lord Madog Crypl, son of prince Gruffudd Fychan I. [2] These lordships historically belonged to the Princes of Powys Fadog, Lords of Yale and Dinas Bran, members of the Royal House of Mathrafal. [3] [2]
William's eldest daughter Matilda/Maud married a prominent Welsh prince, Gruffydd ap Rhys II of Deheubarth. Another daughter, Margaret, married Walter de Lacy, Lord of Meath in Ireland and himself another powerful Marcher Lord. [There seems to be some confusion with Matilde about who her father is re Professor Thomas Jones Pierce, M.A., F.S.A ...
The title "Prince of Wales" was recreated after Llywelyn II, Prince Edward (later Edward II) was conferred in 1301 at Caernarfon castle, beginning the Principality of Wales. [199] The Welsh Marches would be merged with the principality in 1534 under the Council of Wales and the Marches until all separate governance for Wales. [ 200 ]
[4] [5] [11] The Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284 followed the conquest of the Principality by Edward I of England. It assumed the lands held by the Princes of Gwynedd under the title "Prince of Wales" as legally part of the lands of the Crown, and established shire counties on the English model over those areas. The Marcher Lords were progressively ...