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Chaparral in the Santa Ynez Mountains, near Santa Barbara, California. Chaparral (/ ˌ ʃ æ p ə ˈ r æ l, ˌ tʃ æ p-/ SHAP-ə-RAL, CHAP-) [1] is a shrubland plant community found primarily in California, southern Oregon, and northern Baja California.
Regional climate was similar to or slightly drier than modern conditions. Oak, hickory, chestnut, and southern pine species were abundant. Walnuts, beech, sweetgum, alder, birch, tulip poplar, elms, hornbeams (Carpinus spp.), basswoods, and others that are generally common in modern southern deciduous forests were also common then.
Trees are uncommon. Conifers, including pines, junipers, and Tetraclinis articulata, occasionally grow in the high shrublands. Seasonally-dry streambeds are home to the broadleaf trees Tamarix spp., white poplar (Populus alba), and oleander (Nerium oleander). Garrigue communities grow in drier and rockier areas, often close to the seacoast.
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The typical climate of the southern Appalachian spruce–fir forest, while too extreme for most broad-leaved trees, is still warmer and wetter than Canada and Alaska, and allows for taller and faster-growing trees. The southern spruce–fir understory is also much denser and contains plants such as the Catawba rhododendron, which is absent in ...
It is found in the Southern Appalachians, in mountain forests at elevations between 700 and 1,500 feet. [58] [59] Convolvulus sericatus [60] Corallorhiza bentleyi-Bentley's coralroot. It is found only in the mountains of West Virginia and Virginia. [61] [62] Coreopsis latifolia [63] Crataegus austromontana [64] Crataegus buckleyi [64] Crataegus ...
Tall shrubs are mostly 2–8 m high, small shrubs 1–2 m high and subshrubs less than 1 m high. [ 3 ] There is a descriptive system widely adopted in Australia to describe different types of vegetation is based on structural characteristics based on plant life-form , as well as the height and foliage cover of the tallest stratum or dominant ...
Southern coastal plain hydric hammocks are found on the flat lowlands of the southern and outermost parts of the coastal plain, usually over limestone substrates. These forests of evergreen and deciduous hardwood trees occur near the floodplains of spring-fed rivers with relatively constant flows. They can be large areas of broad, shallow wetlands.