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Conservative treatment is a type of medical treatment defined by the avoidance of invasive measures such as surgery or other invasive procedures, [1] usually with the intent to preserve function or body parts. [2]
Treatment types can be classified into local therapy (surgery and radiotherapy) and systemic treatment (chemo-, endocrine, and targeted therapies). Local therapy is most efficacious in early stage breast cancer, while systemic therapy is generally justified in advanced and metastatic disease, or in diseases with specific phenotypes.
Prior to 1981, there existed limited evidence that breast-conserving surgery was an acceptable alternative to radical mastectomy for treatment of early stage breast cancer. Dr. Umberto Veronesi , an Italian oncologist, challenged this notion and led a clinical trial comparing the radical mastectomy with breast-conserving surgery (which was ...
This analysis can be restricted to only the participants who fulfill the protocol in terms of the eligibility, adherence to the intervention, and outcome assessment. This analysis is known as an "on-treatment" or "per protocol" analysis. A per-protocol analysis represents a "best-case scenario" to reveal the effect of the drug being studied.
Radical surgery, also called radical dissection, is surgery that is more extensive than "conservative" surgery. In surgical oncology , radical surgery is surgery intended to remove both a tumor and any metastases thereof, for diagnostic and/or treatment purposes. [ 1 ]
Mastectomy is the medical term for the surgical removal of one or both breasts, partially or completely.A mastectomy is usually carried out to treat breast cancer. [1] [2] In some cases, women believed to be at high risk of breast cancer choose to have the operation as a preventive measure. [1]
Osteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis (OOKP), also known as "tooth in eye" surgery, [1] is a medical procedure to restore vision in the most severe cases of corneal and ocular surface patients. It includes removal of a tooth from the patient or a donor.
Conditional probability of success (CPOS): It is the probability of observing success (in terms of the observed result) in the future given the observed data and the treatment effect equaling a specific value. CPOS is an extension of conditional power. Its success criteria are not restricted to statistical significance.