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Logarithmic spiral (pitch 10°) A section of the Mandelbrot set following a logarithmic spiral. A logarithmic spiral, equiangular spiral, or growth spiral is a self-similar spiral curve that often appears in nature. The first to describe a logarithmic spiral was Albrecht Dürer (1525) who called it an "eternal line" ("ewige Linie").
For <, spiral-ring pattern; =, regular spiral; >, loose spiral. R is the distance of spiral starting point (0, R) to the center. R is the distance of spiral starting point (0, R) to the center. The calculated x and y have to be rotated backward by ( − θ {\displaystyle -\theta } ) for plotting.
An Archimedean spiral is, for example, generated while coiling a carpet. [5] A hyperbolic spiral appears as image of a helix with a special central projection (see diagram). A hyperbolic spiral is some times called reciproke spiral, because it is the image of an Archimedean spiral with a circle-inversion (see below). [6]
of a nephroid is a nephroid (half as large, see diagram), of an astroid is an astroid (twice as large), of a cardioid is a cardioid (one third as large), of a circle is its center, of a deltoid is a deltoid (three times as large), of a cycloid is a congruent cycloid, of a logarithmic spiral is the same logarithmic spiral, of a tractrix is a ...
The polar equation for a golden spiral is the same as for other logarithmic spirals, but with a special value of the growth factor b: [10] = or = (/), with e being the base of natural logarithms, a being the initial radius of the spiral, and b such that when θ is a right angle (a quarter turn in either direction): =.
Logarithmic can refer to: Logarithm, a transcendental function in mathematics; Logarithmic scale, the use of the logarithmic function to describe measurements; Logarithmic spiral, Logarithmic growth; Logarithmic distribution, a discrete probability distribution; Natural logarithm
log-log folded and scales, for working with logarithms of any base and arbitrary exponents. 4, 6, or 8 scales of this type are commonly seen. Ln linear scale used along with the C and D scales for finding natural (base e {\displaystyle e} ) logarithms and e x {\displaystyle e^{x}}
This is a different spiral from the golden spiral, which grows by the golden ratio per 90° of turn. [58] Logarithmic spirals are self-similar spirals where distances covered per turn are in geometric progression. A logarithmic spiral whose radius increases by a factor of the golden ratio for each quarter-turn is called the golden spiral.