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  2. ISP redirect page - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISP_redirect_page

    Every ISP runs a DNS server to allow their customers to translate domain names into IP addresses that computers understand and use. When an ISP's DNS server receives a request to translate a name, according to RFC the DNS server should return the associated IP address to the customer's computer which is then able to connect to the requested ...

  3. .invalid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.invalid

    In 1999, the Internet Engineering Task Force reserved the DNS labels example, invalid, localhost, and test so that they may not be installed into the root zone of the Domain Name System. The reasons for reservation of these top-level domain names is to reduce the likelihood of conflict and confusion. [ 1 ]

  4. Classless Inter-Domain Routing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classless_Inter-Domain_Routing

    A subnet mask is a bitmask that encodes the prefix length associated with an IPv4 address or network in quad-dotted notation: 32 bits, starting with a number of 1-bits equal to the prefix length, ending with 0-bits, and encoded in four-part dotted-decimal format: 255.255.255.0. A subnet mask encodes the same information as a prefix length but ...

  5. Typosquatting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typosquatting

    Later, the URL was redirected to google.com; [5] a 2018 check revealed it to redirect users to adware pages, and a 2020 attempt to access the site through a private DNS resolver hosted by AdGuard resulted in the page being identified as malware and blocked for the user's security. By mid-2022, it had been turned into a political blog.

  6. Distributed denial-of-service attacks on root nameservers

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_denial-of...

    During two intervals on November 30, 2015 and December 1, 2015, several of the root name servers received up to 5 million queries per second each, receiving valid queries for a single undisclosed domain name and then a different domain the next day. Source addresses were spread throughout IPv4 space, however these may have been spoofed.

  7. IDN homograph attack - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IDN_homograph_attack

    An example of an IDN homograph attack; the Latin letters "e" and "a" are replaced with the Cyrillic letters "е" and "а".The internationalized domain name (IDN) homograph attack (sometimes written as homoglyph attack) is a method used by malicious parties to deceive computer users about what remote system they are communicating with, by exploiting the fact that many different characters look ...

  8. Fallacies of distributed computing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacies_of_distributed...

    When the failed network becomes available, those applications may also fail to retry any stalled operations or require a (manual) restart. Ignorance of network latency, and of the packet loss it can cause, induces application- and transport-layer developers to allow unbounded traffic, greatly increasing dropped packets and wasting bandwidth.

  9. Root name server - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_name_server

    The contents of the root zone file is a list of names and numeric IP addresses of the root domain authoritative DNS servers for all top-level domains (TLDs) such as com, org, edu, and the country code top-level domains (it also includes that info for root domain, the dot). On 12 December 2004, 773 different authoritative servers for the TLDs ...