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Otitis media is a group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear. [2] One of the two main types is acute otitis media (AOM), [3] an infection of rapid onset that usually presents with ear pain. [1] In young children this may result in pulling at the ear, increased crying, and poor sleep. [1] Decreased eating and a fever may also be present. [1]
Otitis media. Acute otitis media is an infection of the middle ear. More than 80% of children experience at least one episode of otitis media by age 3 years. [23] Acute otitis media is also most common in these first 3 years of life, though older children may also experience it. [19]
First-line treatment options are generally aimed at treating the underlying cause and include attempting to "pop" the ears, usually via the Valsalva maneuver, the use of oral or topical decongestants, oral steroids, oral antihistamines, and topical nasal steroid sprays, such as Flonase.
Tympanostomy tubes should not be inserted in children who have only one episode of otitis media with effusion that lasts less than three months. [1] [7] [8] While tympanostomy tubes are commonly used in children, they are seldom used in adults. Options for use in adults include: Persistent eustachian tube dysfunction. [6]
The most common aetiology of acute otitis externa is bacterial infection, [5] while chronic cases are often associated with underlying skin diseases such as eczema or psoriasis. [6] A third form, malignant otitis externa, or necrotising otitis externa, is a potentially life-threatening, invasive infection of the external auditory canal and ...
Tympanic membrane retraction describes a condition in which a part of the eardrum lies deeper within the ear than its normal position.. The eardrum comprises two parts: the pars tensa, which is the main part of the eardrum, and the pars flaccida, which is a smaller part of the eardrum located above the pars tensa.
[2] [3] Mastoiditis is usually caused by untreated acute otitis media (middle ear infection) and used to be a leading cause of child mortality. With the development of antibiotics, however, mastoiditis has become quite rare in developed countries where surgical treatment is now much less frequent and more conservative, unlike former times. [2]
Poulter, Melinda D., and Claudia J. Hinnebusch. "Turicella otitidis in a young adult with otitis externa." Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice 13.1 (2005): 31–32. Gomez-Garces JL, Alhambra A, Alos JI, Barrera B, García G (2004). "Acute and chronic otitis media and Turicella otitidis: a controversial association". Clin Microbiol Infect.