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The modality effect is a term used in experimental psychology, most often in the fields dealing with memory and learning, to refer to how learner performance depends on the presentation mode of studied items.
In classic formal approaches to linguistic modality, an utterance expressing modality is one that can always roughly be paraphrased to fit the following template: (3) According to [a set of rules, wishes, beliefs,...] it is [necessary, possible] that [the main proposition] is the case.
A list of sign types would include: writing, symbol, index, image, map, graph, diagram, etc. Some combinations of signs can be multi-modal, i.e. different types of signs grouped together for effect. But the distinction between a medium and a modality should be clarified: text is a medium for presenting the modality of natural language;
The visual mode conveys meaning via images and the visible elements of a text such as typography and color. The aural mode refers to sound in the form of music, sound effects, silence, etc. The linguistic mode includes written and spoken language. The spatial mode focuses on the physical arrangement of elements in a text.
It has become more than just reading and writing, and now includes visual, technological, and social uses among others. [31] Georgia Tech's writing and communication program created a definition of multimodality based on the acronym, WOVEN. [33] The acronym explains how communication can be written, oral, visual, electronic, and nonverbal.
In his book The Humane Interface, Jef Raskin defines modality as follows: "An human-machine interface is modal with respect to a given gesture when (1) the current state of the interface is not the user's locus of attention and (2) the interface will execute one among several different responses to the gesture, depending on the system's current state."
Mode effect is a broad term referring to a phenomenon where a particular survey administration mode causes different data to be collected. For example, when asking a question using two different modes ( e.g. paper and telephone), responses to one mode may be significantly and substantially different from responses given in the other mode.
In the context of human–computer interaction, a modality is the classification of a single independent channel of input/output between a computer and a human. Such channels may differ based on sensory nature (e.g., visual vs. auditory), [ 1 ] or other significant differences in processing (e.g., text vs. image). [ 2 ]