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In 1959, Spain entered the greatest cycle of industrialization and prosperity it had ever known. Foreign aid took the form of US$75 million in drawing rights from the IMF, US$100 million in OEEC credits, US$70 million in commercial credits from the Chase Manhattan Bank and the First National City Bank , US$30 million from the Export-Import Bank ...
At that time, the working day could range from 10 to 16 hours, the work week was typically six days, and child labour was common. [1] [2] In 1919, Spain became the first country to introduce the eight-hour work day by law for factory and fortification workers. [3] It was first established for non-agricultural workers by Uruguay in 1915. [4]
Reflecting General Comment 7, the Jomtien Declaration explicitly stated that 'learning begins at birth', and called for 'early childhood care and initial education' (Article 5). This novel recognition of ECCE as an integral part of basic education featured again in the major goals adopted at the 1990 UN World Summit for Children.
The Industrial Revolution spread southwards and eastwards from its origins in Northwest Europe. After the Convention of Kanagawa issued by Commodore Matthew C. Perry forced Japan to open the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade, the Japanese government realised that drastic reforms were necessary to stave off Western influence.
The history of childhood has been a topic of interest in social history since the highly influential book Centuries of Childhood, published by French historian Philippe Ariès in 1960. He argued " childhood " as a concept was created by modern society.
Steel Workers Organizing Committee, one of two labor organizations that eventually merged to form the United Steelworkers, founded. [40] 1936 (United States) Atlanta Auto Workers' Sit-down Strike occurred. [40] 20 November 1936 (Spain) National syndicalist leader José Antonio Primo de Rivera was executed. 1936 (United States)
Despite industrialization in Spain and because of the industrialization of agricultural in the 1900s, restrictive gender norms meant only 9% of women were employed by 1930. This represented a drop of 12% of all women and 0.5 million total women in the workforce from 1877 to 1930. [ 1 ]
The economy of Spain is a highly developed social market economy. [30] It is the world's 15th largest by nominal GDP and the sixth-largest in Europe.Spain is a member of the European Union and the eurozone, as well as the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and the World Trade Organization.