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Alternatively, polymer can be infiltrated into 1D, 2D, 3D preform creating high content polymer nanocomposites. [2] Polymer nanoscience is the study and application of nanoscience to polymer-nanoparticle matrices, where nanoparticles are those with at least one dimension of less than 100 nm.
For some applications, nanoparticles may be characterized in complex matrices such as water, soil, food, polymers, inks, complex mixtures of organic liquids such as in cosmetics, or blood. [132] [133] There are several overall categories of methods used to characterize nanoparticles.
Common synthetic polymeric nanoparticles include polyacrylamide, [8] polyacrylate, [9] and chitosan. [10] Drug molecules can be incorporated either during or after polymerization. Depending on the polymerization chemistry, the drug can be covalently bonded, encapsulated in a hydrophobic core, or conjugated electrostatically.
Nanoparticles such as graphene, [20] carbon nanotubes, [21] molybdenum disulfide and tungsten disulfide are being used as reinforcing agents to fabricate mechanically strong biodegradable polymeric nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering applications. The addition of these nanoparticles in the polymer matrix at low concentrations (~0.2 ...
Nanoparticles can generally carry drugs in two ways: drugs can either be bound to the outside of the nanoparticles or packed within the polymeric matrix of the nanoparticles. [14] Smaller nanoparticles have higher surface area ratios and can thus bind a high quantity of drug, while larger nanoparticles can encapsulate more of the drug within ...
A nanogel is a polymer-based, crosslinked hydrogel particle on the sub-micron scale. [1] [2] [3] These complex networks of polymers present a unique opportunity in the field of drug delivery at the intersection of nanoparticles and hydrogel synthesis.
Dextran nanoparticles have advantages such as increased drug-loading capacity, improved cellular uptake, reduce off-site toxicity, and increase local drug concentrations at the target tissue site. The current research indicates that dextran nanoparticles can potentially have applications in the delivery of anti-tumor therapeutics. [1]
The application potential of nanoparticles in catalysis ranges from fuel cell to catalytic converters and photocatalytic devices. Catalysis is also important for the production of chemicals. For example, nanoparticles with a distinct chemical surrounding , or specific optical properties. [citation needed]