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  2. Heckler & Koch UMP - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heckler_&_Koch_UMP

    The UMP45, chambered in .45 ACP Apart from the different chambering, all versions feature the same design model, the exterior differences being the curved magazine used on the UMP9, while both the UMP40 and UMP45 each use a straight magazine.

  3. New public management - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Public_Management

    The initial New Public Management (NPM) reforms implemented in Anglo-Saxon countries inspired reforms across the world. [9] These reforms, which were triggered and motivated by a variety of factors and resulted in the development of various models, led to the emergence of a global NPM trend. [10]

  4. Public administration theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_administration_theory

    In the 1980s, the New Public Management Theory (NPM) was created to make the civil service more efficient. To do so, it utilized private-sector management models. Giving local agencies more freedom in how they delivered services to citizens, the theory experimented with using decentralized service delivery models.

  5. Development theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Development_theory

    Human development theory is a theory which uses ideas from different origins, such as ecology, sustainable development, feminism and welfare economics. It wants to avoid normative politics and is focused on how social capital and instructional capital can be deployed to optimize the overall value of human capital in an economy.

  6. New public administration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Public_Administration

    The development of the public administration model dating from the mid-1800s to the early 1900s was influenced primarily by Weber's theory of bureaucracy, Northcote and Trevelyan's recommendations relating to the establishment of a professional civil service in Britain, and Woodrow Wilson's ideas in the United States for the separation of ...

  7. Civil authority - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_authority

    Civil authority or civil government is the practical implementation of a state on behalf of its citizens, other than through military units (martial law), that enforces law and order and that is distinguished from religious authority (for example, canon law) and secular authority.

  8. Whole-of-government approach - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whole-of-Government_Approach

    Areas covered can be related to policy development, public project management or public services. [2] Structural reforms performed within public administrations during the past decades have introduced this new methodology which aims to reflect individual government’s global policy and priorities through the improvement and coordination of ...

  9. Developmental state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_state

    In this model of capitalism (sometimes referred to as state development capitalism), the state has more independent, or autonomous, political power, as well as more control over the economy. A developmental state is characterized by having strong state intervention, as well as extensive regulation and planning.