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Zirconium is a chemical element; it has symbol Zr and atomic number 40. First identified in 1789, isolated in impure form in 1824, and manufactured at scale by 1925, pure zirconium is a lustrous transition metal with a greyish-white color that closely resembles hafnium and, to a lesser extent, titanium .
Nuclear-grade zirconium alloys contain more than 95% Zr, and therefore most of their properties are similar to those of pure zirconium. The absorption cross section for thermal neutrons is 0.18 barn for zirconium, which is much lower than that for such common metals as iron (2.4 barn) and nickel (4.5 barn). [ 6 ]
Zircon (/ ˈ z ɜːr k ɒ n,-k ən /) [7] [8] [9] is a mineral belonging to the group of nesosilicates and is a source of the metal zirconium. Its chemical name is zirconium(IV) silicate, and its corresponding chemical formula is Zr SiO 4. An empirical formula showing some of the range of substitution in zircon is (Zr 1–y, REE y)(SiO 4) 1–x ...
Group 4 is the second group of transition metals in the periodic table. It contains only the four elements titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), and rutherfordium (Rf). ). The group is also called the titanium group or titanium family after its lightest me
Zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2 ), sometimes known as zirconia (not to be confused with zirconium silicate or zircon ), is a white crystalline oxide of zirconium . Its most naturally occurring form, with a monoclinic crystalline structure , is the mineral baddeleyite .
Cubic zirconia (abbreviated CZ) is the cubic crystalline form of zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2). The synthesized material is hard and usually colorless, but may be made in a variety of different colors. It should not be confused with zircon, which is a zirconium silicate (ZrSiO 4). It is sometimes erroneously called cubic zirconium.
Understanding such properties is essential to making quality zirconium hydride. At room temperature , the most stable form of zirconium is the hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structure α-zirconium. It is a fairly soft metallic material that can dissolve only a small concentration of hydrogen, no more than 0.069 wt% at 550 °C.
Naturally occurring zirconium (40 Zr) is composed of four stable isotopes (of which one may in the future be found radioactive), and one very long-lived radioisotope (96 Zr), a primordial nuclide that decays via double beta decay with an observed half-life of 2.0×10 19 years; [4] it can also undergo single beta decay, which is not yet observed, but the theoretically predicted value of t 1/2 ...