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A boreal ecosystem is an ecosystem with a subarctic climate located in the Northern Hemisphere, approximately between 50° and 70°N latitude. These ecosystems are commonly known as taiga and are located in parts of North America, Europe, and Asia. [1] The ecosystems that lie immediately to the south of boreal zones are often called hemiboreal ...
The taiga experiences relatively low precipitation throughout the year (generally 200–750 mm (7.9–29.5 in) annually, 1,000 mm (39 in) in some areas), primarily as rain during the summer months, but also as snow or fog. Snow may remain on the ground for as long as nine months in the northernmost extensions of the taiga biome. [25]
Watersheds characterize much of the taiga ecoregion as interconnecting rivers, streams, lakes, and coastlines. Due to a cool climate, low evaporation levels keep moisture levels high and enable water to have serious influences on ecosystems. The vast majority of water in the taiga is freshwater, occupying lakes and rivers.
This region is characterized by two biomes: taiga (or boreal forest) and tundra. [2] While the taiga has a more moderate climate and permits a diversity of both non-vascular and vascular plants, [ 3 ] the tundra has a limited growing season and stressful growing conditions due to intense cold, low precipitation, [ 4 ] and a lack of sunlight ...
These seven can be divided into two main groups. The northern regions of the boreal forest consists of four eco-zones – Taiga Cordillera, Taiga Plains, Taiga Shield and Hudson Plains – that are the most thinly treed areas where the growing season and average tree size progressively shrinks until the edge of the Arctic tundra is reached. [21]
The region is on the divide between European and Asian ecoregions, and also the meeting point of tundra and taiga. It is in the Palearctic realm, and mostly in the Boreal forests/taiga ecoregion with a Humid continental climate, cool summer climate. It covers 174,565 km 2 (67,400 sq mi). [1]
Summers are cool and short in this sub-arctic climate, with mean temperatures ranging from 7 °C in the north to 14 °C in the south. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Winters are long and very cold in the Mackenzie Delta, with a typical January mean of -26 °C, but are somewhat milder in the southern extent, with a mean January temperature of -15 °C. [ 5 ]
The Kamchatka Taiga ecoregion (WWF ID: PA0604) is a "conifer island" in the middle of the Kamchatka Peninsula, along the Kamchatka River. It is the easternmost example of Siberian taiga. The region has unusual ecological conditions, a "snow forest" that combines low temperatures, high humidity and boreal forest with heavy snowfall.