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Walking (also known as ambulation) is one of the main gaits of terrestrial locomotion among legged animals. Walking is typically slower than running and other gaits. Walking is defined as an " inverted pendulum " gait in which the body vaults over the stiff limb or limbs with each step.
Human locomotion is considered to take two primary forms: walking and running. In contrast, many quadrupeds have three distinct forms of locomotion: walk, trot, and gallop. Walking is a form of locomotion defined by a double support phase when both feet are on the ground at the same time.
It is better to start out backward walking (also called retropedaling), which is relatively easy, and increase speed over time. World Records indicate that backward running speed could be about 35% slower than ordinary running speed (5 min 36 sec vs. 3 min 43 sec for one mile [ 1 ] [ 2 ] ).
One of the proposed mechanisms was the knuckle-walking hypothesis, which states that human ancestors used quadrupedal locomotion on the savanna, as evidenced by morphological characteristics found in Australopithecus anamensis and Australopithecus afarensis forelimbs, and that it is less parsimonious to assume that knuckle walking developed ...
In contrast, obligate bipedalism is where walking or running on two legs is the primary method of locomotion. Facultative bipedalism has been observed in several families of lizards and multiple species of primates , including sifakas , capuchin monkeys , baboons , gibbons , gorillas, bonobos and chimpanzees.
Legged locomotion is the dominant form of terrestrial locomotion, the movement on land. The motion of limbs is quantified by the kinematics of the limb itself (intralimb kinematics) and the coordination between limbs (interlimb kinematics). [1] [2] Figure 1. Classifying stance and swing transitions of the front right (red) and left (blue) legs ...
A mature walking pattern is characterized by the gait cycle being approximately 60% stance phase, 40% swing phase. [18] Initiation of gait is a voluntary process that involves a preparatory postural adjustment where the center of mass is moved forward and laterally prior to unweighting one leg.
Crawling or quadrupedal movement is a method of human locomotion that makes use of all four limbs. It is one of the earliest gaits learned by human infants, [1] and has similar features to four-limbed movement in other primates and in non-primate quadrupeds. [2]