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The determinant of a matrix A is commonly denoted det(A), det A, or | A |. Its value characterizes some properties of the matrix and the linear map represented, on a given basis, by the matrix. In particular, the determinant is nonzero if and only if the matrix is invertible and the corresponding linear map is an isomorphism.
In the 2×2 case, if the coefficient determinant is zero, then the system is incompatible if the numerator determinants are nonzero, or indeterminate if the numerator determinants are zero. For 3×3 or higher systems, the only thing one can say when the coefficient determinant equals zero is that if any of the numerator determinants are nonzero ...
By the Rouché–Capelli theorem, the system of equations is inconsistent, meaning it has no solutions, if the rank of the augmented matrix (the coefficient matrix augmented with an additional column consisting of the vector b) is greater than the rank of the coefficient matrix. If, on the other hand, the ranks of these two matrices are equal ...
In matrix calculus, Jacobi's formula expresses the derivative of the determinant of a matrix A in terms of the adjugate of A and the derivative of A. [1]If A is a differentiable map from the real numbers to n × n matrices, then
The determinant of a matrix polynomial with Hermitian positive-definite (semidefinite) coefficients is a polynomial with positive (nonnegative) coefficients. [ 1 ] Note that polynomial matrices are not to be confused with monomial matrices , which are simply matrices with exactly one non-zero entry in each row and column.
It has the determinant and the trace of the matrix among its coefficients. The characteristic polynomial of an endomorphism of a finite-dimensional vector space is the characteristic polynomial of the matrix of that endomorphism over any basis (that is, the characteristic polynomial does not depend on the choice of a basis).
When this matrix is square, that is, when the function takes the same number of variables as input as the number of vector components of its output, its determinant is referred to as the Jacobian determinant. Both the matrix and (if applicable) the determinant are often referred to simply as the Jacobian in literature. [4]
Matrix whose rows are concatenations of the rows of two smaller matrices: Used for performing the same row operations on two matrices Bézout matrix: Square matrix whose determinant is the resultant of two polynomials: See also Sylvester matrix: Carleman matrix: Infinite matrix of the Taylor coefficients of an analytic function and its integer ...